黄河落淤治理巨野煤田塌陷区可行性初探

巨野煤田自南向北呈条带状分布。北依黄河,南接万福河。洙水河、洙赵新河、郓鄄河、郓巨河等黄河支流倾斜穿过矿区,这为大面积利用黄河落淤治理沉陷地区提供了天然的运输河道和动力,通过合理疏通和开挖河道引流落淤并配合使用远距离输沙技术,将使巨野煤田恢复沃野千里成为可能。     

1994年中国华南大范围暴雨过程的形成与夏季风活动的研究

利用ECMWF的逐日再分析资料,通过环流分析和物理量诊断方法,揭示2015年12月9日广东暴雨的产生机理。结果表明：来自东欧高纬度的干冷空气南下对暴雨的发生起了重要作用;干冷空气流经青藏高原时发生绕流,南支气流绕过青藏高原并在孟加拉湾反气旋环流的挟卷作用下经南支槽抵达华南,形成了干冷空气的主要通道。暴雨发生前,暖湿气流主要来自西太平洋,暴雨发生期间,偏东气流转为偏南气流,使南海成为9日暴雨的主要水汽源地。冷暖空气的汇合使暴雨区上空等θ_se线陡峭,沿等θ_se面有强烈的上升运动,但上升运动区不存在深厚的位势不稳定。冷空气的南下激发了暴雨区700 hPa的锋生,其中水平变形项和水平辐合项对锋生有正贡献。锋生激发了正的次级环流,环流中心也位于700 hPa,这有利于气流的抬升,故锋生及次级环流是暴雨区上升运动发展的重要机制。

     

北京连续降雪过程分析

应用常规观测资料、自动站资料、加密观测降雪资料和GFS 0.5°×0.5°间隔6 h的再分析资料,对2011年11月29日发生在华北南部的暴雪过程进行动力诊断分析。结果表明：该暴雪天气的影响系统为高空槽和地面回流冷锋;水汽轨迹结果显示在暴雪过程中存在三股气流,即东北干冷气流、东南暖湿气流和西南暖湿气流;低层水汽主要来自东海,中层的水汽来自孟加拉湾和南海,暖湿气流在干冷空气之上爬升,在800 hPa左右形成锋区;冷平流是引起锋生的主要因子,锋生函数各项对锋生的贡献不同,垂直运动作用项对锋生贡献最大。

     

莱州屺姆岛-刁龙咀近岸海域沉积物格局与粒径趋势

屺姆岛-刁龙咀岸段为独具特色的沙坝-潟湖海岸,其近岸海域的动力沉积环境和泥沙输移直接影响了这一特色海岸形态的发育,在该区人类工程活动日益加剧的背景下,加深对这一近岸浅水环境的认知显得尤为重要。2010年12月在屺姆岛-刁龙咀沿岸海域(0~-12 m)进行了表层沉积物取样,综合采用激光粒度仪和筛选法进行粒度分析,依据更具沉积动力学表征意义的Fork分类法进行沉积物分类命名和粒度参数计算。结果显示,表层沉积物空间分布主要受控于由岸向海的分带性、物源供给(主要为界河)和岸线走势,近岸沉积物以推移质组分为特征,离岸在71~63 μm处粉砂粒组呈现的峰值揭示了波流联合作用的强动力环境。粒径趋势分析显示,该海域沉积物运移方向以SW向沿岸输沙为主,地形控制下在石虎咀南侧次级海湾存在一个逆时针的绕流。     

天山山区水汽输送气候特征

应用2000～2011年NCEP/NCAR再分析逐日6h 1 1资料,分析了新疆天山山区对流层不同层次空中水汽输送特征,结果表明：(1)天山山区地面～100 hPa每年平均有11504.1×108t水汽输入,11337.0×108t水汽输出,水汽净收支为167.1×108t,其中西、北边界为输入,东、南边界为输出,对流层中层水汽输送量最大,低层次之,高层最小。天山山区水汽总输入量占全新疆水汽输入量的44.1%。(2)各季节中夏季水汽输送量最大,春季、秋季相当,冬季最小,西边界、北边界均为水汽输入边界,东边界、南边界均为水汽输出边界,对流层中层水汽输入量最大。     

地表化探异常立体解释模型的建立及其意义--以库车坳陷米斯布拉克地区为例

以往对化探异常主要进行平面和剖面的二维解释,难以准确地反映化探异常与地下油气分布的关系。以库车坳陷米斯布拉克地区油气化探为例,系统研究了该区沉积—构造演化、生烃过程、油气运移特征及异常展布规律,并以油气垂向运移理论为指导,建立了该区化探异常立体解释模型(地质体模型、输导空间模型、异常压力模型和化探异常立体模型),直观反映了该区油气垂向运移的方式、动力来源、运移空间和运移路径,系统解释了米斯布拉克地区地表化探异常的形成过程及其与地下油气的关系,发现断裂面凸面引起的油气聚敛运移导致异常加强,而断裂凹面引起的油气发散运移导致异常减弱。总体来看,化探异常立体解释模型在米斯布拉克地区化探异常解释中取得了良好的效果,有效地提高了化探异常解释的确定性和准确性。     

风积沙质胶结充填材料性能对水固比响应分析

煤炭胶结充填开采技术是一项基于生态、地质和资源安全的新型开采技术,质量分数是控制胶结充填材料性能的重要因素。为了掌握风积沙质胶结充填材料对质量分数的响应,试验研究了质量分数对材料多项性能的影响规律。结果表明：抗压强度、坍落度、泌水率、分层度对质量分数的响应较为显著,凝结时间相对较弱。随着质量分数升高,抗压强度增长较快,坍落度、泌水率、分层度明显降低,凝结时间缓慢降低。同时质量分数与材料输送的屈服应力、黏度系数、沿程阻力等具体指标直接相关,但对各指标影响规律存在较大差异。分析认为,质量分数对材料性能和指标的控制是基于水分在材料输送和硬化过程中的化学和物理作用,水分在材料中既是化学反应的参与项,也是物理性能的控制项,对于每一种胶结充填材料均存在合理的质量分数区间。     

An integrated dust storm prediction system suitable for east Asia and its simulation results

An integrated dust storm modeling system is developed for the prediction of dust storms. The system couples a wind erosion scheme, a dust transportation model and the Penn State/UCAR modeling system (MM5) with a geographic information database. The system can be used for the prediction of dust emission rate and dust concentration associated with individual dust storm events. Two severe dust storm events occurred in spring 2002, one on the 19th–22nd of March and the other on the 6th–9th of April. The integrated modeling system is used to simulate the two events. The numerical results are compared with surface weather records and satellite images and good agreement is found between the model results and observation in dust concentration distribution and evolutions. The Gobi Desert in southern Mongolia and the Badain Jaran Desert, Tengger Desert and Hunshandake sandy land in Inner Mongolia (China) are identified to be the dust sources for the two events. The dominant modes of dust particles over western Inner Mongolia and Mongolia are from 2 to 11 μm in size, and 2 to 22 μm over Beijing and its surrounding area. The emission of particles in the 2–11 μm size range is found to be most important for Northeast Asian dust storms.     

鹊山水库输水穿黄工程中沉井和顶管技术的应用

鹊山水库输水穿黄工程系济南市引黄供水鹊山水库工程的重要组成部分.本文介绍了沉井、顶管施工工艺在输水穿黄工程中的应用;分析了输水穿黄工程存在的主要工程地质问题及施工中采用的主要技术措施.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Main Street: Northeastern Oregon: The Founding and Development of Small Towns . Barbara Ruth Bailey . Food Politics: The Regional Conflict . David N. Balaam and Michael J. Carey , eds. The International Economy and Industrial Development: Trade and Investment in the Third World . R. Ballance , J. Ansari and H. Singer . Neighborhoods in Urban America . Ronald H. Bayor , ed. The English Heartland . By Robert Beckinsale and Monica Beckinsale . Regional Dimensions of Industrial Policy . Michael E. Bell and Paul S. Lande , eds. Tension Areas of the World . D. Gordon Bennett , ed. Latin America: an Introductory Survey . B. W. Blouet and O. M. Blouet , eds. Integration and Division: Geographical Perspectives on the Northern Ireland Problem . Frederick W. Boal and J. Neville H. Douglas , eds. Energy and Land Use . Robert W. Burchell and David Listokin , eds. Slopes and Weathering . Michael Clarke and John Small . Alaska's Rural Development . Peter G. Cornwall and Gerald Mc Beath , eds. The Politics of Park Design: A History of Urban Parks in America . Galen Cranz . World Congress on Land Policy, 1980, Proceedings . Matthew Cullen and Sharon Woolery , eds. Oregon Divided: A Regional Geography . Samuel N. Dicken and Emily F. Dicken . Urban Food Marketing and Third World Rural Development . T. Scarlett Epstein . South Africa: Spatial Frameworks for Development . T. J. D. Fair . Institutions and Geographical Patterns . Robin Flowerdew , ed. Industrialization of U.S. Agriculture, An Interpretive Atlas . Howard F. Gregor . Planning Theory: Prospects for the 1980s . Patsy Healy , Glen Mc Dougall and Michael J. Thomas , eds. Neighborhood Mobilization: Redevelopment and Response . Jeffrey R. Henig . The American Urban System: A Geographical Perspective . R. J. Johnston . Climate, History and the Modern World . Hubert H. Lamb . Climate and History: Studies in Past Climates and Their Impact on Man . T. M. L. Wigley , M. J. Ingram and G. Farmer . China: Railways and Agricultural Development, 1875–1935 . Ernest P. Liang . A Desirable Energy Future—A National Perspective . Robert S. Livingston , T. D. Anderson , T. M. Besmann , M. Olszewski , A. M. Perry , and C. D. West . Topothesia: Essays Presented to T. S. Ó Máille . B. S. Mac Aodha , ed. Transportation for the Poor: Research in Rural Mobility . Hal S. Maggied . Land Uses in American Cities . Harold M. Mayer and Charles R. Haves . Industrial Organisation and Location . Philip Mc Dermott and Michael Taylor . Human Adaptability: an Introduction to Ecological Anthropology . Emilio F. Moran . Regional Analysis and the New International Division of Labor . Frank Moulaert and Patricia W. Salinas , eds. The Nuclear War Atlas. Victoriaville, Quebec, Canada : Urbanization and Environmental Quality . Isao Orishimo . The Garden of Eden: The Botanic Garden and the Re-Creation of Paradise . John Prest . Earthfire, The Eruption of Mount St. Helens . Charles Rosenfeld and Robert Cooke . Contest for the South China Sea . Marwyn S. Samuels . The Future of the Wetlands: Assessing Visual-Cultural Values . Richard C. Smardon , ed. Tucson: the Life and Times of An American City. C. L. Sonnichsen . The Geography of Multinationals . Michael Taylor and Nigel Thrift , eds. Impact of Marine Pollution on Society . Virginia Tippie and Dana Kester . Reviving the Industrial City: the Politics of Urban Renewal in Lyon and Birmingham . Jerry A. Webman . Andean Reflections: Letters from Carl O. Sauer While on a South American Trip under a Grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, 1942 . Robert C. West , ed. Cartographic Drawing with Computers . P. Yoeli .