新型锚管构架在边坡加固中的应用

针对边坡病害治理工程往往存在工期紧、施工场地受限等特点,研究了一种用于边坡加固的新型结构,即锚管构架。介绍了锚管构架的组成和特点,基于Winkler理论,建立了锚管构架的力学计算模型,并编制了弹性杆系有限元计算程序。将锚管构架应用于西气东输管道沿线某填土边坡的病害治理中,结果表明,按照Winkler理论建立的计算模型较好的反映了锚管构架实际的受力和变形形态,输气管道的安全运营得到了保障。     

弧角型PDC钻头切削齿布齿模式仿真分析

钻头在钻进复杂非均质地层时,由于其冠部形状的限制,钻头各部位切削齿受力不均匀,局部切削齿受到较大的冲击载荷,导致钻头发生“涡动”现象。为了解决上述问题,提出“多级力平衡”的切削齿周向布齿方案,通过建立全尺寸钻头破岩有限元仿真模型,分析顺时针、逆时针以及“多级力平衡”3种周向布齿模式下切削齿及钻头的受力特性。模拟结果表明：相对于顺时针和逆时针周向布齿,“多级力平衡”布齿模式下各刀翼载荷分布比较均匀,钻头的稳定性和攻击性均得到较大改善,钻头的破岩效率提高28%以上;顺时针布齿模式下钻头的侧向力最大,其稳定性相对最差;逆时针布齿模式下钻头的钻压最大,其攻击性相对较差,并且钻头的破岩效率最低。上述研究成果能够为指导PDC钻头切削齿的周向布齿设计提供理论依据。建议今后加强“多级力平衡”周向布齿模式下切削齿载荷沿钻头径向分布规律方面的研究,以指导防涡稳定PDC钻头的优化设计。     

浅谈我国建筑节能发展概况

建筑节能是一门综合性学科,根据我国建筑耗能概况,发展新兴节能技术成为我国建筑节能设计的研究方向。其中,智能化建筑的能量监控,可以更好的节约能源。讨论我国节能设计的三大误区,并且参考了四个发达国家的建筑节能措施。呼吁以可持续发展为原则进行建筑设计。     

影响水井钻探效率的因素及提高钻井速度的关键技术

目前水井及地热井钻探效率不高已成为影响水资源开发利用进程的主要因素之一。在分析水井、地热井钻探效率低下原因的基础上,针对不同影响因素,并结合生产施工实际,从优选钻井工艺方法、完善钻井设备配套方面进行论述。提出了大力推广应用地下水开发快速钻进技术---气动潜孔锤钻进技术和气举反循环钻进技术的建议。     

新疆陆相沉积型铀矿、煤矿的勘查和采矿次序探讨

新疆为我国铀煤资源储藏大省,铀和煤埋藏条件相近。长期分行业管理、勘查和开采,既浪费资源,又造成环境污染,制肘了两个矿种的综合开采和利用。本文从分析铀、煤矿床的特点及空间分布和勘查现状入手,认为铀、煤勘查应共享资料,提高勘查效率;采矿顺序为地浸砂岩型铀矿床:先铀后煤;疏干型和含铀煤型矿床:先煤后铀的采矿顺序,以降低环境污染,提高矿产资源综合利用价值。     

Hydraulic evaluation of aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) with urban stormwater in a brackish limestone aquifer

A 5-year aquifer storage and recovery trial at Andrews Farm in South Australia involving the injection of more than 250 ML (250,000 m³) of fresh but turbid stormwater into a brackish limestone aquifer over 4 years and recovery of 150 ML in the fifth provided the opportunity to evaluate rates of clogging and unclogging and the potential to recover water suitable for irrigation supplies. Results reveal there is some clogging by injected sediment, but only to a relatively small degree considering the high suspended solid concentrations and moderate aquifer transmissivity. This clogging was offset by increased matrix porosity through calcite dissolution and by routine well redevelopments after each 40 ML of injection. No significant microbial clogging occurred. Breakthrough responses at three observation wells and the proportion of injectant in the recovered water were determined from chloride data. Temperature and caliper profiles clearly indicate the heterogeneous nature of the aquifer that is attributed, in part, to sand removal during the initial well development. The recovery efficiency was greater than 60%. The trial demonstrates that urban stormwater containing high and variable particulate levels, which receives only passive pre-treatment and is not disinfected, can be used to freshen a heterogeneous brackish aquifer to create a useful water resource.     

An integral assessment of the role of critical process parameters on jigging

In jigging, amplitude and frequency of pulsation, and feed characteristics are the most important process parameters. Effects of these parameters on particle segregation during jigging are studied and explained through experimental as well as numerical means by drawing parallel to liquid/solid fluidization process. This is permissible because jigging could also be viewed as a repetitive process of fluidization and defluidization. Unlike a normal fluidization process, in jigging, particle segregation takes place under rapid rate of change of water velocity. The rate of change of water velocity is decided by the maximum water velocity of the jig cycle, which in turn is controlled primarily by the amplitude. Experimental evidence of the role of maximum water velocity on jigging is given. Next, the feed to the jig that varies in both size and density is conceived as a mixture of many density variant binary systems. This way, the effect of feed characteristic is conveniently analyzed through several indicators of the binary feed namely size ratio, volume fraction, and particle size. Finally, the effect of frequency is studied by considering the particles in the jig bed analogous to tuned mass dampers. This concept is used to explain the preferential segregation of particles at certain jig frequency.     

次显微金在黄铁矿和石英中的赋存状态研究

本文利用H—800型透射电子显微镜附EDAX能谱仪,对夏杖子金矿床黄铁矿和石英中的次显微金进行研究,发现金常以粒径小于0.2μm的小圆球状及链状次显微金存在于黄铁矿和石英的微裂隙中。     

深部含水层储热系统的数值模拟研究

深部含水层储热系统, 是一种以深部含水层介质为载体的“地热+”多能互补储/供能系统。该系统可将各种形式的能量储存于地下并按需求取出加以利用, 能够弥补能源供需的时空分布的不平衡, 是综合利用多种可再生能源, 实现节能减排的有效途径。深部含水层储热是一种水热型地热资源开发利用的新方式。传统的水热型地热资源开采, 受限于地热尾水回灌导致的热突破, 热田寿命有限。而利用深部含水层储能, 不但可以增强热储能力, 而且能够延长热田寿命。本研究通过数值模拟研究表明, 与传统的水热型地热系统相比, 通过采取深部含水层储热技术, 在相同开采流量下, 可以提升单井供热能力20%。其储热效率可以达到60%~90%, 能够保证更高的地热能提取率; 同时, 与传统水热型地热井寿命受限于热突破时间的情况不同, 深部含水层储热系统可以延长地热井寿命, 实现可持续开采。通过参数敏感性分析的方法进一步评估了不同参数对深部含水层储热性能的影响。通过参数研究发现, 储层渗透率和储热温度等是影响储热能力和效率的关键参数。本研究为后续开展深部含水层储热系统工程的设计与优化提供科学参考。     

地下水封石油洞库水幕系统水力试验及水幕钻孔施工

水幕系统是地下水封储油库最为关键的部分,主要由水幕巷道、水幕孔、附加水幕孔、监测井和仪表井组成。水力试验成果是水幕系统评价的依据,而水幕孔的施工质量又是水力试验顺利和试验效果的保证。结合辽宁某地下水封洞库工程,阐明了水幕系统在施工期间的水文试验方法,分析了施工期间各水文试验的作用及其相关性;介绍了水幕钻孔施工技术。