基于ArcGIS Engine的SDE数据库版本管理及历史归档的研究与实现

版本（Version）是无重复存储的数据库副本,SDE版本管理能完成数据备份、长事务处理、模拟场景与方案等;历史归档（Archiving）是将空间数据库的所有变化都保存下来,记录其变化的时间和变化前后的状态。历史归档是能够实现无冗余历史数据备份,实现任意时刻数据的查看,以及某时间段内历史数据动态回放显示。本文以胶南市地理信息系统为实例,简单介绍SDE版本管理与历史归档的基本原理,阐述了数据库版本的创建、查看、协调、提交以及版本差异的实现方案,并结合长事务处理的应用,介绍了版本管理在数据编辑和数据更新中的应用,分析并指出了利用版本和历史归档实现历史数据回溯的优缺点,并展示了采用历史归档实现历史回溯的实现。     

创新型城市研究的理论演进与反思

通过对创新型城市研究的理论性追溯及其主要研究内容回顾,梳理出创新型城市研究的发展演进脉络。着重反思了当前创新型城市研究方面存在的薄弱环节,认为其突出表现为创新型城市研究的指标化困境以及对于城市创新外生力量源泉关注的不足,并明确指出,个性化的城市创新路径选择以及有效利用国际创新资源是未来创新型城市研究与实践的主要突破方向。     

Utilising seasonal variations in hydrogeochemistry and excitation-emission fluorescence to develop a conceptual groundwater flow model with implications for subsidence hazards: an example from Co. Durham, UK

Groundwaters were sampled from four research boreholes, a private supply well and a natural karst resurgence in southern County Durham, England. Time series data sets of piezometric levels, groundwater major ions, and fluorescence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) were interpreted in the light of new geological mapping to assess the movement of groundwater and its potential for the dissolution of gypsum. Three distinct groundwater facies were identified representing contact with gypsiferous strata, dolomitic limestone and Quaternary Till. Piezometric data indicated time varying transverse flow across the gypsifeorus strata, which was confirmed from gradational mixing of groundwater types and cation ratios. Fluorescence of dissolved DOM identified variations in protein and fulvic-like acid fluorescence. The former was taken to represent surface derived, short-lived material. Spatial and temporal variations in protein fluorescence offered a means to trace groundwater movement along the regional groundwater gradient and indicated rapid lateral movement of groundwater. It was concluded that gypsum dissolution is occurring beneath the town of Darlington, however, the presence of a thick deposit of Quaternary till effectively confines the small head differences of approximately 1 m, across the gypsum strata beneath the town. Further to the south, the lowering of the ground surface results in a greater upwards flow of water across the gypsum and is used to explain the presence of historic collapse sinkholes.     

新元古代Rodinia超大陆裂解事件在扬子北东缘的最初响应：东海片麻状碱性花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年代学及Nd同位素制约

东海片麻状碱性花岗岩是扬子克拉通北东缘最具代表性的含碱性铁镁矿物的过碱性A型花岗岩.高精度的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,这些岩石形成于新元古代中期770Ma左右,并在约250Ma时经历超高压变质作用,之后又于210Ma左右遭受了大规模的角闪岩相退变质作用的改造.Nd同位素示踪表明东海片麻状碱性花岗岩具有相对偏高的εNd（t）值（＋1.4～-5.91）,指示其应是成熟度较低的下地壳部分熔融的产物,但不排除部分岩体在成岩过程中可能有少量幔源物质卷入.综合Rodinia超大陆古地理复原资料,推测扬子板块北东缘自新元古早期以来一直为接受大洋板块俯冲的活动大陆边缘.形成于新元古代中期的东海片麻状碱性花岗岩属A2型花岗岩,为弧后拉张背景下岩浆活动的产物,该类岩石的产出代表了Rodinia超大陆裂解事件在该地区的最初响应.     

水溶天然气运移地球化学示踪——以塔里木盆地和田河气田为例

文中选择田河气田作为研究实例,对气田东、西部天然气进行系统的天然气地球化学对比研究,结合气田成藏的地质背景,认为和田河气田具有较好的水溶气运移成藏地质条件和明显的水溶气运移地球化学证据,提出了天然气是水溶气成因的新观点。寒武系烃源岩生成的天然气在高温、高压状态下大量溶解于水,在压力的驱使下,水溶气自寒武系运移至气田东部圈闭,然后再由气田东部的高压区沿不整合面往西部的低压区运移。根据气田天然气地球化学横向变化特征,提出了ln(C1/C2)、ln(C2/C3)、CO2/CH4、CH4/N2、N2/C2H6等一系列操作性较强的水溶气运移的地球化学示踪新指标,对研究天然气成藏机理和成藏过程都有重要意义。     

Tomographic inversion for three-dimensional anisotropy of Earth’s inner core

Seismological studies generally suggest that the Earth’s inner core is anisotropic and the anisotropic structure changes significantly both laterally and with depth. Previous body-wave studies of the inner core have relied on ray tracing or waveform modeling using one-dimensional (1D) models. Here we present non-linear tomographic inversions of the inner core anisotropy using three-dimensional (3D) ray tracing, spline parameterization, and a large collection of PKP differential travel times. We adapt a pseudo-bending ray tracing (PBR) method in spherical coordinates for seismic rays that traverse the inner core (PKP(DF) phase). The method iteratively perturbs each discontinuity point and continuous segment of the ray through 3D earth structure so that its travel time is minimum. The 3D anisotropic structure of the inner core is approximated to the first order as 3D heterogeneous (but isotropic) structure for a given ray. The data are corrected using a scaled mantle tomographic model. The inner core anisotropy model obtained has the following major features. (1) The model has strong hemispherical and depth variation. The isotropic velocity in the topmost inner core is greater in quasi-eastern hemisphere (QEH) (40–160°E) than in quasi-western hemisphere (QWH) (other longitudes). The anisotropy is weak in QEH to the depth of 600–700 km below the inner core boundary (ICB), while in QWH, the anisotropy increases at much shallower depth (about 100–200 km below the ICB) to about 3–4%, then remains at about 2–4% throughout the rest of the inner core. (2) The anisotropy form changes abruptly (over a depth range of about 150 km) at the radius of about 600 km, slightly less than half of the inner core radius, forming a distinct inner inner core (IIC). The velocity in the IIC has maximums at equatorial and polar directions and minimum at an angle of about 40° from the equatorial plane. The velocity in the outer inner core (OIC), however, changes little for ray directions 0–40° from the equatorial plane. (3) Despite large variation of the anisotropy, the isotropic velocity (Voigt average) throughout the inner core is nearly uniform. The results suggest that the OIC is likely composed of the same type of iron crystals with uniform chemistry, but the IIC may be composed of a different type of crystal alignment, a different iron phase, or a different chemical composition. Our tests on model parameterization, mantle correction, and linear and non-linear inversion suggest the main features of our model are very robust. However, fine scale structures are likely to differ, particularly in the major transition zones, e.g., in the topmost QWH (isotropy to anisotropy), between OIC and IIC (change in the form of anisotropy), and between QEH and QWH in OIC (difference in anisotropy strength). Searches for possible waveform complications from these boundaries need to be aware of the directional dependence and geographical variation to be successful.     

青海共和盆地达连海湖积物137Cs示踪的初步结果

通过对青海省共和盆地达连海干湖盆中的＾１３７Ｃｓ和粒度样品的测定,结合区域调查结果及其他相关资料的分析,确定了两个＾１３７Ｃｓ蓄积峰和一个蓄积谷,由此建立了达连海湖相沉积物的＾１３７Ｃｓ时标,即１９６３年的＾１３７Ｃｓ最大蓄积峰值和２０世纪８０年代末至９０年代初大规模土地开垦引起的、与异常剧烈风沙沉积有关的＾１３７Ｃｓ最小蓄积谷,以及１９９４年的湖泊干涸事件形成的次一级＾１３７Ｃｓ蓄积峰,并估算出     

Isotopic tracing for conceptual models of groundwater hydrodynamics in multilayer aquifer systems of central and southern Tunisia

Abstract

New and previously published data sets including stable and radiogenic isotope measurements (¹⁸O, ²H, ³H, ¹³C and ¹⁴C) were used to investigate, conceptualize and compare groundwater hydrodynamics within three major multilayer aquifer systems located in central and southern Tunisia. It has been demonstrated that the investigated aquifer systems contain modern and palaeoclimatic waters. Modern groundwaters, which refer to contemporaneous and post-nuclear recharge waters, are characterized by enriched stable isotope contents, high carbon-14 activities and high to moderate tritium concentration. While palaeoclimatic groundwaters, which refer to Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene recharge waters, are distinguished by their depleted stable isotope contents, low carbon-14 activities and insignificant tritium concentrations. Established conceptual models have elucidated the groundwater hydrodynamics within the studied aquifer systems. They show that groundwater mixing occurs between end-members from the shallow and deep aquifers that migrate by downward and upward leakage towards the intermediate aquifer.

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor S. Faye

Citation Dassi, L. and Tarki, M., 2014. Isotopic tracing for conceptual models of groundwater hydrodynamics in multilayer aquifer systems of central and southern Tunisia. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 59 (6), 1240–1258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2014.892206