水下声传输数据通讯技术研究

本文介绍了水下声传输数据通讯的原理、功能作用及关键技术研究。     

苜蓿转化细胞系核酸和蛋白质合成的研究

以苜蓿转化细胞系和对照细胞系为材料 ,利用同位素标志方法研究了 3种大分子物质——DNA、RNA和蛋白质的合成动态。结果表明 ,与对照细胞系相比 ,转化细胞系的生长速度明显加快 ,DNA、RNA和蛋白质的合成旺盛 ,合成速度显著提高。同时 ,转化细胞系 DNA、RNA和蛋白质出现最大合成速度的时间均相应地延迟。     

激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱分析石笋样品中多元素比值及45种元素含量

石笋样品的微量元素含量及Mg/Ca、Sr/Ca比值为高分辨的古气候重建提供重要指标。针对现有溶液分析技术易混合多个石笋微层、误差大的缺点,本文利用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱技术(LA-ICP-MS)原位线扫描和点剥蚀方式对比分析了石笋生长轴方向的Mg/Ca和Sr/Ca空间分布趋势,研究表明二者均展现出显著的周期性变化特征,且周期性变化一致,其中40 μm束斑线扫描更具有稳定性强、分辨率高、快速简便的优点。通过探讨碳酸盐标准样品MASC-3与玻璃标准样品NIST 610、NIST 612、KL2G、ATHO-G的相对灵敏度系数关系和元素分馏行为,确定基体效应是造成相对灵敏度系数变化的主要原因。同时建立了以MASC-3、NIST 610和NIST 612多外标结合内标Ca归一定量分析石笋中45种元素方法,针对石笋碳酸盐样品,将主量元素Ca、Mg变形为碳酸盐形式,与其他元素加和归一,不仅改变了国内外研究中需要预先采用其他分析技术来测定内标元素含量的计算方法,而且有效地避免了C元素无法准确检测的问题,能够实现与Ca内标法校正结果的吻合。     

高分辨率遥感影像主干道路提取的感知编组方法

针对高分辨率遥感影像的道路提取受"同物异谱、同谱异物"干扰的问题,该文提出一种基于感知编组的高分辨率遥感影像主干道路自动提取方法:首先,使用Line Segment Detector算法提取影像中直线段信息。然后,利用高分辨率遥感影像上的道路几何特征对直线段进行感知编组;最后,经过长度约束得到道路信息。使用两景影像进行了主干道路提取实验。实验结果表明,两个实验中主干道路提取的完整率、正确率和检测质量都在96%以上。     

三维全景虚拟地震台站的建立

三维全景是一种基于静态图像的真实场景虚拟现实技术,首先简要叙述该技术的主要原理和技术路线,基于此建立了可以在网络上发布和浏览的三维全景虚拟地震台站系统,该技术丰富了防震减灾宣传工作的手段和内容.     

Present and Late Pleistocene equilibrium line altitudes in Changbai Mountains, Northeast China

According to the glacial landforms and deposits with the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating results, two glacial stages of the last glacial cycle (LGC) and Late Glacial were identified. The Late Glacial stage (Meteorological Station glacier advance) took place about 11 ka (11.3±1.2 ka), and the last glacial maximum (LGM), named Black Wind Mouth glacier advance, occurred at 20 ka (20.0±2.1 ka). Based on the Ohmura’s formula in which there is a relationship between summer (JJA) atmospheric temperature (T) and the annual precipitation (P) at ELA, the present theoretical equilibrium line altitude (ELAt) in Changbai Mountains was 3380±100 m. Six methods of accumulation–area ratio (AAR), maximum elevation of lateral moraines (MELM), toe–to headwall altitude ratios (THAR), the terminal to summit altitudinal (TSAM), the altitude of cirque floor (CF), and the terminal to average elevation of the catchment area (Hofer) were used for calculation of the former ELAs in different stages. These methods provided the ELA for a range of 2250–2383 m with an average value of 2320±20 m during the LGM, which is 200 m higher than the value of previous investigation. The snowlines during the Late Glacial are 2490 m on northern slope, and 2440 m on western slope. The results show that the snowline on northern slope is 50 m higher than that on western slope during the Late Glacial, and the average snowline is 2465m. The ELA △ values were more than 1000 m during the LGM, and about 920 m lower than now during the Late Glacial stage respectively. Compared with Taiwanese and Japanese mountains in East Asia during the LGM, the effect of the uplift on ELA in Changbai Mountains during the glaciations (i.e. 20 m uplift in the LGM and 11 m in the Late Glacial) is not obvious.     

Influence of confining pressure and impact loading on mechanical properties of amphibolite and sericite-quartz schist

In order to investigate the dynamic mechanical properties of amphibolite and sericite-quartz schist under confi ning pressure, two rocks are subjected to impact loadings with different strain rates and confi ning pressures by using split Hopkinson pressure bar equipment with a confi ning pressure device. Based on the experimental results, the stress-strain curves are analyzed and the effects of confi ning pressure and strain rates on the dynamic compressive strength, peak strain and failure mode are summarized. The results show that:(1) The characteristics of two rocks in the ascent stage of the stressstrain curve are basically the same, but in the descent stage, the rocks gradually show plastic deformation characteristics as the confi ning pressure increases.(2) The dynamic compressive strength and peak strain of two rocks increase as the strain rate increases and the confi ning pressure effects are obvious.(3) Due to the effect of confi ning pressure, the normal stress on the damage surface of the rock increases correspondingly, the bearing capacity of the crack friction exceeds the material cohesion and the slippage of the fractured rock is controlled, which all lead to the compression and shear failure mode of rock. The theoretical analysis and experimental methods to study the dynamic failure mode and other related characteristics of rock are useful in developing standards for engineering practice.     

中国区域全要素生产率的空间溢出关联效应研究

运用空间计量模型对1990~2011年中国全要素生产率进行研究,发现：此间中国省域全要素生产率在大部分年份呈现了空间自相关性,表明这22 a间中国省域全要素生产率并不是完全的随机状态,受其它区域的影响。进一步运用空间计量经济模型从空间维度探究了区域全要素生产率的影响因素,研究表明：经济的集聚水平越高,全要素生产率会得到显著改善;人力资本对经济增长与效率的提升有着显著地积极作用,并表现一定程度的溢出;政府干预和产业结构对全要素生产率的影响为负,说明政府部门要减少对经济的干预;同时表明了中国的产业结构可能存在不合理的地方;信息化水平、基础设施水平对全要素生产率的影响为正,但基础设施水平在统计学意义上并不显著;民营化所占比重的提升对全要素生产率的改进是显著的,因为私有化致使企业的权力下放有助于提高技术效率;经济开放水平显著提升了中国的区域全要素生产率;中国部分省份土地投入规模过大而出现规模不经济的问题。从全要素生产率在各个地区间溢出的证据出发,各个地方政府在统筹区域经济发展的过程中不仅需要考虑本地区经济发展的实际,需要打破目前行政区经济的界限,实现跨区域的协调与合作,实现共赢,最终实现所有地区全要素生产率的提高。     

The instability of the vortex sheet along the shear line

The traditional Kelvin-Helmholtz notion of studying the shear instability is not suitable for the case associated with shear line with the strong wind shear in the vortex sheet. Since then, the shear instability be-comes the instability of the vortex sheet. If the velocity is induced by the vortex sheet, the inequalities (1 – Rv + Rid)> 0 and U (y,t)> U{A(t)} become the criterion of the vortex sheet instability. This criterion indicates that 1) the disposition of environment field restrains the disturbance developing along the shear line. 2) There exist multi-scale interactions in the unstable process of the shear line. The calculation of the necessary condition for the instability is also presented in this paper.     

台湾海峡西部沉积物中碳的来源及埋藏

根据2005年夏季航次观测的沉积物中总有机碳(TOC)、无机碳(CaCO3)、总氮(TN)、悬浮体颗粒有机碳(POC)、沉积物粒度数据得出,台湾海峡西部表层沉积物TOC质量分数的范围为0.01～1.79,平均值为0.37±0.24,略高于20多年前台湾海峡南部海区,而低于台湾海峡中、北部海区;TOC的质量分数湾内比湾外...