试析GPS与全站仪在西藏矿山测量中的应用

简单介绍了GPS与全站仪的工作原理,详细地介绍了GPS与全站仪在西藏自治区那曲奔锅银铅矿区的测量应用。以三角形的形状进行规则设置,在测量过程中采取以点连线,以线组网的形式,通过设立多个E级GPS点以及RTK图根控制点来协助完成。     

关于水土压力计算及抗剪强度指标选用的探讨

抗剪强度指标是岩土计算中的重要参数,不同试验条件下的抗剪强度指标如何在工程实践中应用关乎工程的安全稳定与否,这一问题一直是工程界争论的热点.从基本概念入手,对一些似是而非的概念进行了梳理,提出了水土合算无实际工程意义,有效自重压力不能等同于有效应力的论断,概括了工程实践中如何选用抗剪强度指标的基本思路,期望能对正确理解土力学原理及工程实践有借鉴指导意义.     

全站仪中间法三角高程测量精度分析

通过对全站仪中间法三角高程测量原理进行分析,推导了中间法三角高程的误差传播公式,研究了测距误差、测角误差和大气折光系数误差对高差的精度影响。采用中间法三角高程测量方法在一个较小范围内进行了三角高程测量,779 m的水准路线测量闭合差为0.5 mm,并和精密二等水准成果进行了对比分析,试验结果验证了该方法可以替代高精度水准测量的可行性。     

Detail focused fusion of hyperspectral and multispectral imagesEI北大核心CSCD

Hyperspectral image (HSI) and multispectral image (MSI) are two types of images widely used in the field of remote sensing. These images are useful in certain applications, such as environmental monitoring, target detection, and mineral exploration. HSI contains a large amount of spectral information. Photons are typically collected in a larger spatial area on the sensor to ensure a sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Accordingly, the HSI spatial resolution is much lower compared with MSI. This low spatial resolution greatly affects the practicality of HSI. Accordingly, fusing a low-spatial resolution HSI (LR-HSI) with a high-spatial resolution MSI (HR-MSI) in the same scene to obtain a high-resolution HSI (HR-HSI) is a method for solving such problems, which resolves the contradiction that the spatial resolution and the spectral resolution cannot simultaneously maintain a high level. From the analysis of fusion effect, the spatial and spectral reconstruction errors of the existing algorithms are mainly reflected in the edge and detail areas. The method proposed in this work was a fusion algorithm for dictionary construction and image reconstruction based on detail attention. In terms of maintaining spectral characteristics, the spectral distribution in the detail area is complex and diverse because of the proximity effect of the image. This work proposes to perform dictionary learning on the image and detail layers. The detail perception error terms and a constraint of edge adaptive directional total variation are proposed for spatial characteristic enhancement, which is combined with a local low rank constraint in the same fusion framework to estimate the sparse coefficient. Experiments were conducted on two datasets, namely, Pavia University and Indian Pine, to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The quantitative evaluation metrics contain peak SNR, relative dimensionless global error in synthesis, spectral angle map, and universal image quality index. Based on the experimental comparison, the fusion result of the algorithm proposed in this work is significantly improved compared with those of the other algorithms in terms of spatial and spectral characteristics. This work uses dictionary learning to propose a fusion algorithm for dictionary construction and image reconstruction with attention to details through the analysis of the existing hyperspectral and multispectral image fusion algorithms. A hierarchical dictionary learning algorithm is proposed to address the problem of large reconstruction error in the detail part of the existing algorithms. The detail perception error term and the direction adaptive full variational regularization term are used to improve the spectral dictionary solution and coefficient estimation, respectively. The result of the fusion is the error in the spectral characteristics and spatial texture of the detail, which achieves an accurate representation of the edge detail. © 2022 National Remote Sensing Bulletin. All rights reserved.     

黑土区土壤有机质和全氮含量遥感反演研究

以东北典型黑土区耕地为研究区,以Sentinel-2A（全球环境与安全监测计划的第二颗卫星,于2015年6月23日发射）影像作为数据源,构建光谱指数,分别采用多元逐步线性回归（Multiple Stepwise Linear Regression, MSLR）和随机森林（Random Forest, RF）算法建立土壤有机质（SOM）和土壤全氮（STN）预测模型,并采用十折交叉验证方法评估模型的性能。研究对比分析了不同气候、土壤类型和地形下土壤有机质和全氮的空间分布差异。研究表明：① 海伦示范区的SOM和STN含量最高,其年均温最低,高程最高,年降水量多,SOM含量升高,其年均温最低,年降水量多,STN含量升高;② 与基于多元逐步线性回归算法建立的SOM和STN预测模型相比,随机森林算法建立的SOM和STN预测模型,有着更高的精度和稳定性;③ 运用RF算法建立的SOM反演模型的R²为0.96,均方根误差为5.49 g/kg,STN反演模型的R²为0.95,均方根误差为0.27 g/kg; ④ 不同示范区统一建立SOM和STN预测模型,有助于提高预测精度,实现跨区域建模与制图。     

Variability and Long-Term Trend of Total Cloud Cover in China Derived from ISCCP, ERA-40, CRU3, and Ground Station Datasets

Total Cloud Cover (TCC) over China determined from four climate datasets including the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP), the 40-year Re-Analysis Project of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ERA-40), Climate Research Unit Time Series 3.0 (CRU3), and ground station datasets are used to show spatial and temporal variation of TCC and their differences. It is demonstrated that the four datasets show similar spatial pattern and seasonal variation. The maximum value is derived from ISCCP. TCC value in North China derived from ERA-40 is 50% larger than that from the station dataset; however, the value is 50% less than that in South China. The annual TCC of ISCCP, ERA-40, and ground station datasets shows a decreasing trend during 1984-2002; however, an increasing trend is derived from CRU3. The results of this study imply remarkable differences of TCC derived from surface and satellite observations as well as model simulations. The potential effects of these differences on cloud climatology and associated climatic issues should be carefully considered.     

火焰原子吸收法测定和计算误差的减小

通过对火焰原子吸收法样品分析误差产生的各主要环节的分析和实验的验证 ,指出在盐湖资源开发过程产生的混合样品分析中 ,样品稀释倍数、光谱干扰、电离干扰和计算方法是影响结果准确性的主要因素 ,进一步提出了减小误差的办法 ,并给出了用Excel处理数据的示例表格和相应的VBA程序代码。     

小波去噪的灰色最小二乘支持向量机变形预测

针对变形监测数据的随机性和非平稳性,以及单一预测模型的不足,该文提出了基于小波去噪的灰色最小二乘支持向量机变形预测模型。采用小波去噪对原始数据进行降噪处理,减弱数据随机扰动的影响,建立灰色最小二乘支持向量机模型,并采用粒子群算法寻找最优参数。通过大坝位移监测数据实例对模型进行验证,并与灰色模型、最小二乘支持向量机以及灰色最小二乘支持向量机进行对比分析。实验结果证明,该模型预测精度更高、稳定性更强。     

地震同震滑动分布反演的总体最小二乘方法

同震滑动分布参数与地表形变间的线性关系依赖于格林函数矩阵的构造,格林函数矩阵元素与破裂面位置、几何参数、破裂方式及位错模型假设等因素有关。本文尝试考虑格林函数矩阵元素的误差来补偿上述原因在一定程度上对反演参数的影响,采用同时顾及系数矩阵(格林函数矩阵)和观测向量两者误差的总体最小二乘方法反演同震滑动分布。首先确定了系数矩阵元素和观测向量的协因数矩阵,考虑到格林函数矩阵的病态性(秩亏),借助拉普拉斯二阶平滑得到正则化矩阵,采用总体最小二乘正则化法反演同震滑动分布。并对2009年意大利中部拉奎拉(L’Aquila)Mw6.3级地震实例进行同震滑动分布反演研究。结果表明,拉奎拉地震的走向为144.37°,倾角为59.06°,滑动分布的最大滑动量为0.95m,平均滑动角为-96.4°,主要滑动深度为4~15km的范围,地震矩为3.63×10~(18)N·m,对应的矩震级为Mw6.34。总体最小二乘与最小二乘法的滑动分布解存在一定差别,但差别的量级在10-4以内。     

数字地籍测量的精度研究

本文通过对全站仪数字地籍测量技术在地籍测量中有关问题的探讨,详细说明了全站仪数字地籍测量技术在地籍测量时的精度影响因素,通过理论分析和实际数据探讨了数字地籍测量所能达到的精度,可作为制定地籍测量规范和地籍测量工作者的一个参考资料.