Rossby waves with linear topography in barotropic fluids

Rossby waves are the most important waves in the atmosphere and ocean, and are parts of a large-scale system in fluid. The theory and observation show that, they satisfy quasi-geostrophic and quasi-static equilibrium approximations. In this paper, solitary Rossby waves induced by linear topography in barotropic fluids with a shear flow are studied. In order to simplify the problem, the topography is taken as a linear function of latitude variable y, then employing a weakly nonlinear method and a perturbation method, a KdV （Korteweg-de Vries） equation describing evolution of the amplitude of solitary Rossby waves induced by linear topography is derived. The results show that the variation of linear topography can induce the solitary Rossby waves in barotropic fluids with a shear flow, and extend the classical geophysical theory of fluid dynamics.     

基于ERMapper软件的QuickBird卫星影像处理实践

采用卫星遥感方法制作的数字正射影像是获取基础空间信息最快速、高效的手段,利用高精度卫星遥感成图,处理速度快、工艺简便、图像清晰,而且精度达到成图要求。本文介绍了以高分辨率的QuickBird卫星影像为研究对象,利用ERMapper图像处理系统进行图像的几何校正、全色与多光谱数据融合方法与过程。     

一种实用的铂热电阻温度巡检仪

介绍了一种经济实用的 16通道铂热电阻测温巡检显示仪 ,并论述了铂热电阻的引线消除和用正反馈实现非线性校正的方法。     

近海地形对热带气旋移动影响的数值试验

利用含地形、摩擦及非绝热加热外源强迫的准地转正压涡度方程模式 ,通过构造理想的坡地地形及椭圆型岛地形 ,首先分析了孤立地形的动力抬升作用及动力抬升、摩擦、非绝热加热 3者共同作用下对热带气旋 (TC)移动的影响。发现 :地形的动力抬升、摩擦作用以及地形附近海域的非绝热加热对TC移动均有影响 ;然后 ,引入了我国东南近海的实际地形 ,通过数值试验分析了TC移经或登陆在近海不同位置时TC移向、移速的可能变化 ,并给出了近海地形对TC移向、移速影响的空间分布。     

Clinoform architecture and along‐strike facies variability through an exhumed erosional to accretionary basin margin transition

Exhumed basin margin‐scale clinothems provide important archives for understanding process interactions and reconstructing the physiography of sedimentary basins. However, studies of coeval shelf through slope to basin‐floor deposits are rarely documented, mainly due to outcrop or subsurface dataset limitations. Unit G from the Laingsburg depocentre (Karoo Basin, South Africa) is a rare example of a complete basin margin scale clinothem (>60 km long, 200 m‐high), with >10 km of depositional strike control, which allows a quasi‐3D study of a preserved shelf‐slope‐basin floor transition over a ca. 1,200 km² area. Sand‐prone, wave‐influenced topset deposits close to the shelf‐edge rollover zone can be physically mapped down dip for ca. 10 km as they thicken and transition into heterolithic foreset/slope deposits. These deposits progressively fine and thin over tens of km farther down dip into sand‐starved bottomset/basin‐floor deposits. Only a few km along strike, the coeval foreset/slope deposits are bypass‐dominated with incisional features interpreted as minor slope conduits/gullies. The margin here is steeper, more channelized and records a stepped profile with evidence of sand‐filled intraslope topography, a preserved base‐of‐slope transition zone and sand‐rich bottomset/basin‐floor deposits. Unit G is interpreted as part of a composite depositional sequence that records a change in basin margin style from an underlying incised slope with large sand‐rich basin‐floor fans to an overlying accretion‐dominated shelf with limited sand supply to the slope and basin floor. The change in margin style is accompanied with decreased clinoform height/slope and increased shelf width. This is interpreted to reflect a transition in subsidence style from regional sag, driven by dynamic topography/inherited basement configuration, to early foreland basin flexural loading. Results of this study caution against reconstructing basin margin successions from partial datasets without accounting for temporal and spatial physiographic changes, with potential implications on predictive basin evolution models.     

Jason-2高度计电离层GIM误差分析及修正研究

基于Jason-2高度计2015年地球物理数据集(GDR)38个周期太平洋海域的全球电离层图(GIM)电离层校正值和双频校正值的数据,分不同季度和不同纬度区域比较二者的差异,结果表明:GIM值与双频校正值之间存在明显的差异,GIM校正值普遍高于双频校正值,说明GIM高估了电离层路径延迟,GIM校正值与双频校正值的差异与季节和纬度区间有关。用梯度下降法得到GIM值的修正方程,将修正方程应用于2016年Jason-2的全年数据,修正后的GIM值与双频校正值十分接近,在各年份中均具有良好的适用性。在单频高度计不能使用电离层双频校正算法的情况下,可以利用不同季度和不同纬度区域的修正方程对同等高度的高度计GIM值进行修正以达到双频校正值的精度水平。     

录井校正新方法在东海盆地西湖凹陷的应用

录井检测受井场环境影响较大,主要包括钻井环境与检测环境,钻井环境包括井径、钻时、钻井液排量、是否取心等,检测环境主要是井场自然环境与检测器内部环境。一般情况下检测器内部环境基本一致,而井场自然环境在一定时间内变化不大,故而钻井环境对录井检测的影响较大,钻井环境校正是进行录井解释前的重要工作。常规Tg(全烃含量)校正方法在取心、低异常、多互层等层段使用效果较差,经过分析,将校正方法在取心、钻时、排量、基值方面进行优化,实践验证,新校正方法效果较好,适应了西湖凹陷的地质研究需求。     

椭球谐和球谐系数之间一个简单的转换关系

本文推导的椭球谐系数和球谐系数相互之间转换关系的核心思想是在ε~2量级下利用Legendre函数的正交性,从球谐系数求解的积分表示出发,将积分中的椭球坐标变量与球坐标变量相互转换,从而得出椭球谐系数与球谐系数之间的转换关系。本文导出的转换关系有以下优点:①对于第二类Legendre函数的计算采用Laurent级数表示,使计算第二类Legendre函数更为简单;②保留了ε~2量级下,导出的转换关系相比文献[2]的形式更简单,满足物理大地测量边值问题线性化的要求;③顾及了余纬和归化余纬的区别。     

秦岭地区NDVI与地形因子的相关性分析

秦岭山区地形因子是影响植被分布的重要因素。选取2001、2009和2017年MODIS陆地产品MOD13Q1数据和DEM数据,从DEM中提取地形因子,高程、坡度和坡向,与MODIS的NDVI数据结合,分析了地形对秦岭地区植被空间分布影响。研究结果表明:(1)NDVI随着高程的增大而逐渐增大,在高程1800 m左右时达到最大值,随后又随着高程的增大而减小;(2)NDVI在坡度0°～5°间逐渐增大,在5°～40°呈稳定趋势,从40°开始缓慢减小,60°达到乔木能够生长的坡面倾角临界值,当坡面倾角大于60°时植被指数开始快速减小;(3)受太阳辐射的影响,坡向在NW 270°～360°,SE 240°～270°之间的植被长势较好,其余坡向上长势一般。     

实时卫星钟差基准精化方法

在基于精密单点定位(PPP)的授时方法中,卫星钟差产品的高精度时间基准至关重要.针对实时卫星钟差产品时间基准不够稳定的问题,本文采用一组具有原子钟外部输入的国际全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)服务(IGS)跟踪站建立了顾及原子钟变化特性的基准精化方法.该方法首先采用阿伦方差对不同的IGS跟踪站外接原子钟进行稳定度分析,挑选出一组稳定度高的原子钟用以精化时间基准.在此基础上,利用阿伦方差分析各台原子钟的噪声参数特征,并确定不同原子钟之间的权比关系.最终,建立时间基准改正量的随机模型,并计算出精化后的时间基准.通过实例验证表明:与IGS事后精密钟差产品定义的时间基准比较,改正后的实时钟差基准单天内的标准差(STD)优于0.1 ns,相比于改正前最高提升了93%.同时,基准改正后的天内万秒稳达到10^-15量级,实现了一个量级的提高.此外,通过相对钟差精度的分析,表明钟差基准修正不影响PPP的定位精度.