瞬变电磁法对存在山谷地形时的多个异常体的探测能力研究

以层状地层中的2个三维导电薄板为例,考虑了山谷地形存在时,瞬变电磁法(TEM)分辨地下多个三维异常体的能力。模型计算的结果表明,当有山谷地形存在时,总的异常场由薄板的异常和地形的异常叠加在一起,表明异常场在空间上具有可加性质。在地形平坦时,TEM方法对相同尺寸的近源异常体的分辨能力要优于远源,而且离源越远的异常体异常越小,最后直到无法分辨。但是当存在山谷地形并且把源放在其中时,它们的总异常场叠加后会“放大”远源异常体的异常场,在一定意义上说,这对于分辨远处的异常体更加有利。当异常体在接收器下方埋深不是太大时,不论山谷地形在源处还是接收器处,TEM法对这些异常体的探测能力都是比较好的。2个异常体相距太近时,其异常会叠加在一起,给TEM的分辨增加一些困难。总体表明,在有山谷地形存在时,TEM方法对多个异常体仍具有较好的探测能力     

复杂场地对地震波传播的影响

本文基于两相介质动力学方程组，利用显式集中质量有限元结合透射人工边界，研究了复杂介质情况下盆地和凸起地形对地震波传播的影响。研究表明，控制波在盆地传播的主要因素有沉积层和基岩的剪切波速比、沉积层的厚度、饱和度。欠饱和土的基本共振频率小于单相土和饱和土的基本共振频率。凸起地形对地震动有放大作用，但是在山脚附近有抑制作用。饱水土的地形效应要比单相土的地形效应更加明显。山间峡谷的放大作用和两山间的距离有密切的关系。     

温岭市西部平原地面沉降特征及防治对策

温岭市西部平原是经济活动最为活跃的地区．近20年以来，随着地下水开采量的不断增大，引发了严重的地面沉降，本文通过对不同时期的地形高程对比，分析确定了地面沉降量等特征，研究表明温岭市西部平原始地面高程仅2．5～3．3m，近20年来累计最大沉降量已大于1300mm.已成为浙江省地面沉降最为严重的地区之一，地面沉降导致沉降区内部分民房和耕地被水淹，直接影响到当地群众的生活和生产，本文根据温岭市实际，提出了地面沉降的防治措施和对策。     

复杂地表地质条件下地震波数值模拟综述

通过对复杂地质地表条件的分析研究,总结了近年来在这方面地震波场数值模拟的新方法。复杂地表的类型很多,对地震资料的影响程度不同,要想完全描述近地表的影响因素是不可能的。文中所介绍的模拟方法在处理这些问题上都是各有侧重、各有优势,目的是寻找合适的方法解决适合的问题。     

地形附合导线长度与点位精度的关系

用间接平差的坐标平差法对电算结果进行比较分析。研究地形附合导线点位精度的变化规律。对比《地质矿产勘查测量规范》的技术要求,认为附合导线长度在生产中可比规范的限度适当放大。从点位精度变化情况看,直伸形导线精度最高,在实际工作中预先用电算法进行点位精度测算,制定出点位精度较高,导线总长适宜,经济效益好的施测方案。     

Topography on the D′′ region from analysis of a thin dense layer beneath a convecting cell

In this study, we examine the development of topography on a thin dense layer at the base of the lower mantle. The effect of the convecting mantle above is represented as a traction acting on the upper surface of the layer. Topography on the layer boundaries is predicted by a balance of dynamic flow stress and external traction. The nature of boundary topography depends on the magnitude of the driving tractions and the density variation within the layer. If we assume that the layer density is greatest beneath areas of mantle downwelling and decreases to a minimum beneath areas of mantle upwelling (the layer is thermally coupled to the convection in the overlying mantle) then its upper boundary develops a cusp-like peak beneath the upwelling mantle. The height of this peak is potentially much greater than the layer thickness. If, however, the layers are effectively coupled by viscous shear then internal density gradients of the opposite sign may be established. In this case, we observe solutions where the layer is completely swept away beneath areas of mantle downwelling leaving steep-sided ‘islands’ of dense material. This mechanism therefore provides a possible explanation for steep-sided anomalously slow regions at the base of the mantle observed by seismic methods (e.g. beneath south Africa) or for discrete ultralow velocity zones detected at the core-mantle boundary beneath locations of surface hotspots. The magnitude of the upper boundary driving tractions compared to the density gradient within the layer is the key parameter that determines the nature of flow in, and consequently boundary topography of, the layer. The deflection of the core-mantle boundary is small compared with that of the top of the dense layer, but a change in sign of the ratio of these deflections is observed as the magnitude of the driving tractions changes relative to the magnitude of the internal density gradient. We compare seismic measurements of core-mantle boundary topography and D′′ topography with the predictions of this model in an attempt to constrain model parameters, but no clear correlation seems to exist between D′′ thickness and CMB topography.     

Moho topography under central Greece and its compensation by Pn time-terms for the accurate location of hypocenters: The example of the Gulf of Corinth 1995 Aigion earthquake

In this paper we expand over the whole of central Greece, the Moho map centered on the Gulf of Corinth from tomographic inversion of PmP traveltime profile data recorded by several tens of temporary stations. Our approach is based on Pn, Moho refracted waves, from a large regional earthquake recorded by both temporary stations and the permanent Hellenic network. The Moho map shows the large Moho depth under the Hellenides belt. It also highlights the shallower Moho domain towards the Aegean Sea south and east of the Corinth Gulf. The domain of shallow Moho is limited along a NE–SW prolongation ahead of the North Anatolian Fault, from the North Aegean Trough to the western tip of the Gulf of Corinth towards the Gulf of Patras. The Pn time-terms provide corrections for the permanent stations that can be used together with the 1D velocity–depth model for a first-order compensation of lateral heterogeneity and contribute to the accurate and fast location of earthquake hypocenters. As a test we relocated the 1995 Aigion earthquake in this way, using only the sparse data of the permanent stations. Hypocentral coordinates then shift close to those derived by a dedicated dense array deployed after the earthquake, implying improvement of the routine location.     

一体化基础地形规划数据库的设计

结合我市一体化基础地形规划数据库的建设,介绍了一体化基础地形规划数据库的总体技术设计思想,对几个值得特别注意的关键技术问题进行了研究,并给出了解决方法。