利用T/P卫星测高资料构造中国近海及邻域平均海平面和海面地形

在对T/P卫星4年1992年10月–1996年10月测高数据的编辑及预处理基础上,采用stacking处理技术构造出中国近海及邻域（0°–40°N,105°–135°E）相对于GRS80参考椭球的30'×30'年平均海平面,其总体精度达到±8.3cm（均方根）水平。验证了中国近海及邻域的平均海平面在总体上呈东南高、西北低的趋势。利用JGM-3和OSU91A混合模型的重力大地水准面,直接从平均海平面中扣除大地水准面起伏的影响,并采用“剪切”法得到中国近海及邻域完整到20阶次的海面地形模型的球谐函数表达式,验证了中国近海及邻域海面地形在总体上为正的格局,并对其构造特征作了初步探讨。     

Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide in Coral Reef Lagoon Waters: Comparative Study of Atolls and Barrier Reefs in the Indo-Pacific Oceans

Factors controlling the CO₂ system parameters, including the partial pressure of CO₂ (PCO₂) in coral reef waters, were investigated in three mid-oceanic reefs of the Indo-Pacific region. Surface water PCO₂ in the lagoons of Majuro Atoll and Palau barrier reef in the Pacific were 25 µatm and 48 µatm higher than those of the offshore waters, respectively, while South Male Atoll lagoon of the Maldives in the Indian Ocean exhibited relatively small difference in PCO₂ compared to the offshore water. Observations from Majuro Atoll and Palau barrier reef are consistent with the view that calcium carbonate production predominates in coral reefs. On the other hand, results from South Male Atoll can be attributed to the thorough flushing of the lagoon, which is connected to the open ocean by numerous deep channels. The offshore-lagoon PCO₂ difference depends on system-level net organic-to-inorganic carbon production ratio while reef topography, especially residence time of the lagoon, has a secondary effect on the magnitude of the offshore-lagoon difference. A potential for releasing CO₂ might be more evident in an enclosed atoll where the reef water has a longer residence time. Oceanic atoll and barrier reef lagoons, which are in the terminal stage of evolutionary history of oceanic volcanic islands, have the potential to release CO₂ to the atmosphere.     

A detection model of underwater topography with a series of SAR images acquired at different time

underwater topography is one of oceanic features detected by Synthetic Aperture Radar. Underwater topography SAR imaging mechanism shows that tidal current is the important factor for underwater topography SAR imaging. Thus under the same wind field condition, SAR images for the same area acquired at different time include different information of the underwater topography. To utilize synchronously SAR images acquired at different time for the underwater topography SAR detection and improve the precision of detection, based on the detection model of underwater topography with single SAR image and the periodicity of tidal current, a detection model of underwater topography with a series of SAR images acquired at different time is developed by combing with tide and tidal current numerical simulation. To testify the feasibility of the presented model, Taiwan Shoal located at the south outlet of Taiwan Strait is selected as study area and three SAR images are used in the underwater topography detection. The detection results are compared with the field observation data of water depth carried out by R/V Dongfanghong 2, and the errors of the detection are compared with those of the single SAR image. All comparisons show that the detection model presented in the paper improves the precision of underwater topography SAR detection, and the presented model is feasible.     

本溪复杂地形条件下三维多源SO2浓度场模拟

用差分方法求解三维大气平流扩散多源方程,模拟了本溪地区SO2浓度的时空分布。通过1999年1月19日的模拟结果与监测值对比表明:模拟结果比较准确地反映了SO2浓度的实际变化情况;由模拟计算可知,本溪地区SO2的污染很严重,且SO2浓度的时空分布有明显的日变化。10:00以前的浓度值比较大,10:00之后浓度值逐渐减小,到18:00左右浓度值又慢慢变大。     

基于明暗等深线与分层设色的海底地形立体表示方法研究

提出了一种通过明暗等深线结合分层设色的途径,在二维平面图上实现海底地貌形态三维立体表示的方法。对等深线明暗特性与分层设色方案确定的方法进行了深入的研究,建立了相应的数学模型,并给出了实例,对该方法的有效性进行了验证。     

Topographic features around Zhongshan Station,southeast of Prydz Bay

Considering the complex topographic features of the southeast of Prydz Bay where China＇s Zhongshan Station is located, three types of geomorphologic units can be identified, i.e., submarine slopes, canyons, and terrains. The major topographic features in the study area are the submarine canyon and trough system outside the calving ice front of Dalk Glacier. A 3.8 km × 80 m fissure is found on the submarine terrain at Zhongshan Anchorage, which, once triggered by geological hazards such as earthquakes and ice falls, would be a threat to the usage and maintenance of the anchorage.     

Toward development of the 4Dvar data assimilation system in the Bering Sea： reconstruction of the mean dynamic ocean topography

The Bering Sea circulation is derived as a variational inverse of hydrographic profiles（ temperature and salinity） , atmospheric climatologies and historical observation of ocean curents. The important result of this study is estimate of the mean climatological sea surface height （SSH） that can be used as a reference for satellite altimetry sea level anomaly data in the Bering Sea region. Numerical experiments reveal that, when combined with satellite altimetry, the obtained reference SSH effectively constrains a realistic reconstruction of the Amukta Pass circulation.     

一次弱天气背景下浙江局地暖区暴雨成因分析

利用多源观测资料及ERA5(0.25°×0.25°)再分析资料,对2021年6月9日夜里浙江首场梅汛期局地暖区暴雨的降水成因进行了诊断分析。结果表明:此次过程环流形势与典型梅雨完全不同,属于弱天气背景下的局地暖区暴雨;南海低压和西太平洋副热带高压之间东南气流的维持,为暴雨区提供充沛的水汽来源,925 hPa超低空偏南风急流的加强有利于低层增温增湿,不稳定层结加剧,暴雨区位于急流轴左侧;整层高湿背景及较低的自由对流高度导致的弱抬升条件就能触发对流,中高层气旋性辐合旋转加强使暴雨加强,较厚的暖云层有利于提高降水效率;地面中尺度辐合带的生成激发了初始对流,其维持和加强不断激发对流云团生成,产生列车效应,导致暴雨形成。龙门山小尺度地形有利于东南气流在迎风坡强迫抬升,对流加强,且垂直速度的发展程度与地形有较好的对应关系,地形高度越高,激发的垂直速度越强。