秦岭地区NDVI与地形因子的相关性分析

秦岭山区地形因子是影响植被分布的重要因素。选取2001、2009和2017年MODIS陆地产品MOD13Q1数据和DEM数据,从DEM中提取地形因子,高程、坡度和坡向,与MODIS的NDVI数据结合,分析了地形对秦岭地区植被空间分布影响。研究结果表明:(1)NDVI随着高程的增大而逐渐增大,在高程1800 m左右时达到最大值,随后又随着高程的增大而减小;(2)NDVI在坡度0°～5°间逐渐增大,在5°～40°呈稳定趋势,从40°开始缓慢减小,60°达到乔木能够生长的坡面倾角临界值,当坡面倾角大于60°时植被指数开始快速减小;(3)受太阳辐射的影响,坡向在NW 270°～360°,SE 240°～270°之间的植被长势较好,其余坡向上长势一般。     

对陡坡陡崖引发地质灾害的潜在影响范围进行建模分析

陡坡陡崖作为一种特殊的地形地貌,是造成滑坡、泥石流等各种地质灾害的重要因素之一.由陡坡陡崖引发的地质灾害会破坏人造地物,对人类的生命财产安全造成严重危害.本文利用DEM数据提取了浙江省温州市的陡坡陡崖,对温州市陡坡陡崖的影响范围进行系统研究,构建了温州市陡坡陡崖的潜在滑坡方向模型,并确定其对人造地物(如道路、房屋)的影...     

Regional variation in springtime ichthyoplankton assemblages in the northeast Pacific Ocean

The coastal regions of the northeast Pacific support large, economically valuable fishery resources and provide nursery areas for many fish species. Over the last few decades, there have been dramatic shifts in species abundance and composition in this area. In this paper, we examine the springtime spatial patterns in the ichthyoplankton of three oceanographically different regions, the Southeast Bering Sea, the Gulf of Alaska and the U.S. West Coast. The data examined are a subset of a larger database (comprising data from cruises conducted from 1972 to 1997) that is being used to investigate spatial, seasonal and interannual patterns in ichthyoplankton of the northeast Pacific in relation to environmental conditions. Ichthyoplankton were collected during seven cruises using 60-cm bongo nets. Spatial patterns of ichthyoplankton were examined using both classification and ordination techniques. Relative Bray-Curtis dissimilarity coefficients calculated from the log₁₀ (n+1) of abundance data were used as input to the numerical classification of species and stations. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling was also applied to the abundance data to examine geometric patterns in the data. The numerical analyses of the species abundance data sets for each cruise revealed spatial patterns in the ichthyoplankton that suggest the occurrence of geographically distinct assemblages of fish larvae in each region. For all three sampling regions, the assemblage structure is primarily related to bathymetry, and Shelf, Slope, and Deep-Water assemblages are described. This shallow to deep-water gradient in species occurrence and abundance reflects the habitat preference and spawning location of the adult fish. Another degree of complexity is superimposed on this primary assemblage structure in each region and seems to be related to local topography and the prevailing current patterns. The patterns in ichthyoplankton assemblages of the three regions in the northeast Pacific Ocean described here form the basis for future investigations of spatial and temporal patterns in the ichthyoplankton of the subarctic Pacific.Regional Index Terms: Northeast Pacific Ocean, Southeast Bering Sea, Gulf of Alaska, U.S. West Coast.     

气流的垂直分布对地形雨落区的影响

从大气运动的基本方程出发,讨论了华北地区太行山东侧低空东风气流背景下不同垂直分布气流对降水落区的影响。认为：当垂直于山体的气流随高度减小时,地形的作用表现为迎风坡上水平辐合,造成气旋式涡度增加,产生风场切变,因此对迎风坡降水产生明显的增幅作用。当气流的垂直分布随高度增加时,迎风坡方向表现为反气旋涡度增强,而在背风坡方向产生辐合作用,造成气旋式涡度增加,发生风场切变。     

典型斜坡地形地震动特征分析

以云南鲁甸6.5级地震中房屋建筑破坏严重的龙头山集镇斜坡地形为例,通过地脉动测试分析得出斜坡及坡顶测点相对于坡脚参考点谱比峰值均＞1,顺坡向谱比峰值大于垂直坡向谱比峰值,且谱比峰值从斜坡坡脚到坡顶逐渐增大,坡顶处约为3;顺坡向谱比峰值对应的频率为4.57～5.39 Hz,垂直坡向谱比峰值对应的频率稍高,为5.42～5.96 Hz。通过结合黏弹性边界的时域动力有限元方法分析斜坡地形在垂直入射地震动作用下的响应,数值模拟结果表明,斜坡坡顶处的位移放大作用显著,坡脚处放大作用较小;介质剪切波速对斜坡地震动的影响较明显,尤其是坡顶点处不同介质剪切波速模型位移峰值差异较大。由于斜坡地形复杂的散射效应,在斜坡及附近测点均出现明显的转换面波,坡顶点处波形转换最显著。数值模拟结果进一步验证了龙头山集镇依坡而建的房屋建筑破坏严重是由局部地形地震动放大效应与地震动差动共同作用引起的。     

东南极内陆格罗夫山地区冰厚及冰下地形特征

中国第30次南极科学考察队格罗夫山分队(CHINARE30, 2013-2014年)利用雪地车载深层探冰雷达在东南极格罗夫山地区开展了测线总长度超过200 km大范围、高分辨率的冰厚及冰下地形调查, 获得了哈丁山北部和萨哈罗夫岭与阵风悬崖之间详细的冰厚及冰下地形特征. 通过对雷达数据分析表明, 哈丁山北部区域平均冰厚为580 m, 最大冰厚超过1 000 m, 出现在该区域的东北方向, 而东南方向冰厚相对较小; 萨哈罗夫岭与阵风悬崖之间区域的平均冰厚为610 m, 最大冰厚超过1 100 m, 该区域槽谷发育十分成熟, 槽谷形态近似呈U型. 通过对雷达剖面影像的筛选和分析, 推测在格罗夫山地区可能存在2个液态冰下湖泊.     

日照水库及周边区域综合地质条件分析

日照水库是1959年建成的一座大(二)型水库,位于日照市东港区驻地以西16 km处的付疃河中游,控制流域面积548 km2,是日照城市及国民经济发展的最重要水源保障。近年来日照市经济社会飞速发展,特别随着"山东精品钢基地"等大项目的开工建设,供水安全形势愈发严峻,如何维护日照水库和保护这一水源地更是被提到了重要的议事日程。先行研究分析流域地质条件,是做好日照水库保护建设工作的重要基础。     

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Rossby waves with linear topography in barotropic fluids

Rossby waves are the most important waves in the atmosphere and ocean, and are parts of a large-scale system in fluid. The theory and observation show that, they satisfy quasi-geostrophic and quasi-static equilibrium approximations. In this paper, solitary Rossby waves induced by linear topography in barotropic fluids with a shear flow are studied. In order to simplify the problem, the topography is taken as a linear function of latitude variable y, then employing a weakly nonlinear method and a perturbation method, a KdV （Korteweg-de Vries） equation describing evolution of the amplitude of solitary Rossby waves induced by linear topography is derived. The results show that the variation of linear topography can induce the solitary Rossby waves in barotropic fluids with a shear flow, and extend the classical geophysical theory of fluid dynamics.     

热带山区高时空分辨率NDVI融合精度及其影响因素分析

高时空分辨率NDVI时序数据作为遥感应用中的重要数据源,对土地覆被动态变化监测具有重要意义,特别是在地表高程变化显著、气候条件复杂、景观异质性强烈的热带山区。虽然当前学者们提出了诸多时空数据融合模型,但针对这些模型在热带山区的NDVI数据融合精度及其影响因素分析尚不多见。对此,本文选取3类时空数据融合方法(权重函数法、概率统计法和多种混合法)中具有代表性的4个模型:STARFM(Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model)、RASTFM(Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model)、ESTARFM(Enhanced Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model)、BSFM(Bayesian Spatiotemporal Fusion Model)(STARFM、ESTARFM为权重函数法;BSFM为概率统计法;RASTFM为多种混合法),选择位于我国热带山区的纳板河流域作为研究区。对融合模型的...