利用零偏移VSP资料估计介质品质因子方法研究

利用峰值频率移动法估算零偏VSP资料的品质因子Q．该方法用Ricker子波和匹配地震子波分别逼近零相位和混合相位的震源子波,得到了峰值频率移动法估计Q值的公式．进而针对常规方法估计的地震子波峰值频率精度不高的问题,提出了估计地震子波峰值频率的特征结构法．通过合成零偏VSP资料的仿真试验,验证了峰值频率移动法估计Q值的正确性．仿真结果表明,与快速Fourier变换和Burg最大熵方法相比较,特征结构法得到的峰值频率和Q值精度高一些．仿真结果也表明,用峰值频率移动法估计Q值时需要选取恰当的子波参数,否则影响Q值估计的精度．     

中国区域地理、地形因子对降水分布影响的估算和分析

不同与以往基于最小二乘的多元线性回归方法,本文首次尝试将新型的第二代回归分析方法——偏最小二乘回归分析方法应用到中国区域的降水建模中．利用区域内394个气象观测站建站到2000年45年(及以上)的降水资料,建立了一个简单的年、季降水量和地理、地形因子(包括纬度、经度、地形高程、坡度、坡向和遮蔽度)的关系模型,估算了区域降水量中地理、地形的影响部分,并分析了这种影响的特征．结果表明,用此方法建立的模型能够解释70%以上的因变量的变异,相关系数基本都在0.84以上,经交叉有效性检验,模型的回归效果较显著．分析表明,在多元线性回归不适用的情况下,本文基于偏最小二乘法的简单模型能够比较准确地定性、定量地再现实际降水分布．     

海滨旅游目的地竞争力影响因素实证分析

为把握海滨旅游目的地竞争力各影响因素之间的逻辑层次关系以及影响因素与竞争力的相关性,通过问卷调查,借助SPSS13.0统计软件进行因子分析。结果表明,海滨旅游目的地竞争力的影响因素可归纳为11项公共因子,按其对海滨旅游目的地竞争力影响程度大小依次为自然吸引物、资源与环境维护、社会灾难、目的地可进入性与知名度、目的地经营管理、旅游服务设施、旅游发展保障因素、目的地组织及其相关政策、目的地基础设施、人文吸引物、物价水平。     

成武县土地利用时空变化与水系因子的关系研究

成武县位于鲁西南黄河冲积平原区,水系发达,地表水资源丰富。为了分析地表水系对成武县土地利用时空变化和空间格局的影响,该文基于不同时期的遥感影像,结合实地调查和专家意见,提取区域土地利用现状图;运用DEM地表水文分析提取河流汇流累积量、水流长度、河流网络等,根据流量选取了河网。以河流为中心向两侧作缓冲区,与土地利用现状图进行空间分析,得到不同距离缓冲区内的土地利用结构。与全区域土地利用结构对比,分析不同时期在相同的缓冲区域内土地利用特征和变化,总结土地结构变化规律,结合100m,200m,300m,400m,500m,750m,1000m不同的缓冲区;通过对比各种土地利用类型在不同距离缓冲区的时空变化,从而分析水系因子对不同土地类型时空变化的影响。结果表明,不同距离缓冲区内土地利用结构不同,随着缓冲区范围的增加,耕地、建设用地、林地、园地呈现不同的变化趋势与特点,水系因子对成武县不同土地利用方式影响程度不同,水系因素对成武县土地利用空间分异有明显影响。     

Numerical modeling investigation on turbulent oscillatory flow over a plane rough bed composed by randomly arrayed particles

A three-dimensional numerical model is established to simulate the turbulent oscillatory boundary layer over a fixed and rough bed composed by randomly arrayed solid spheres based on the lattice Boltzmann method and the large eddy simulation model.The equivalent roughness height,the location of the theoretical bed and the time variation of the friction velocity are investigated using the log-fit method.The time series of turbulent intensity and Reynolds stress are also investigated.The equivalent roughness height of cases with Reynolds numbers of 1×10~4–6×10~4 is approximately 2.81 d(grain size).The time variation of the friction velocity in an oscillatory cycle exhibits sinusoidal-like behavior.The friction factor depends on the relative roughness in the rough turbulent regime,and the pattern of solid particles arrayed as the rough bed in the numerical simulations has no obvious effect on the friction factor.     

基于可靠性的海洋立管疲劳安全系数研究

综合考虑了立管疲劳安全系数取值的相关因素——立管的安全等级、设计寿命、检验周期、载荷和损伤计算方法等的不确定性,提出了基于可靠度的疲劳安全系数确定方法,筛选了用于计算波致疲劳和VIV(涡激振动)疲劳的随机变量,给出了立管波致疲劳与VIV疲劳安全系数的计算流程,并以某SCR(钢悬链线立管)为例进行了安全系数计算。结果表明,该方法的计算结果优于传统的安全系数确定方法,尤其适合于特殊工程方案或新颖设计的立管疲劳校核。     

Properties of geogrid-reinforced marine slope due to the groundwater level changes

Evaluation of slope stability, especially in the absence of a proper bed such as marine soils, is one of the most important issues in geotechnical engineering. Using geogrid layers to enhance the strength and stability of embankments is regarded as a commendable stabilization method. On the other hand, groundwater level erratically fluctuates in coastal areas. Therefore, the aim of this research is to study the effects of groundwater level changes on stability of a geogrid-reinforced slope on loose marine soils in Qeshm Island, Iran. At first, geotechnical properties of the site were obtained by comprehensive series of geotechnical laboratory and in situ tests. Then, by simultaneous changes of groundwater level and several parameters such as embankment slope, loading, geogrid length, geogrid number, and tensile strength of geogrid, different characteristics such as embankment safety factor (SF), vertical and horizontal displacements at embankment top and embankment base were studied. It was observed that groundwater level had significant effects on behavior of the embankment. For most of the observations, by decreasing the groundwater level, the displacements decreased and consequently safety factor increased. Increasing the length, number, and tensile strength of geogrid led to the reduction of displacements and an increase in the safety factor.     

Analysis of the spatial variation of heavy metals in the Guadiana Estuary sediments (SW Iberian Peninsula) based on GIS-mapping techniques

This work reveals the usefulness of the GIS (Geographic Information Systems) mapping techniques to show the distribution of pollutants along an estuarine environment, as the final stage of a thorough study. In the case of study, the environmental quality of the sediments in the Guadiana river estuary was determined by means of a complete geochemical characterization consisting on the calculation of enrichment factors for the most important metals and metalloids (compared with the local background of non-contaminated sediments). The obtained results were depicted in “enrichment distribution maps” which evidenced a distribution of the elements in two groups: Group-I, elements with natural origin (Al, Fe, Mn, Co, and Cr) distributed homogeneously along the basin, and Group-II, elements associated to anthropic origin (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn) with clear punctual sources besides a high concentration all over the estuary. The enrichment factors for the elements of Group-II are indicative of the existence of a noticeable diffuse historical mining pollution associated with the acid mine drainage generated in the internal zones of the basin, which could overlap minor pollution inputs from other human activities. The obtained results lead us to a reconsideration of the traditionally thought “unpolluted” environment when it was compared to nearby estuaries.     

辽宁省霾天气季节变化特征及其主导因子分析

利用辽宁省51个地面气象观测站的能见度、均一化相对湿度和天气现象资料,采用最优距离法和固定比例法对能见度资料进行一致性处理,重建了1961—2020年的辽宁省逐日霾资料,并利用该资料对辽宁省年和四季霾日时空变化特征和主导因子进行分析。结果表明,1961—2020年辽宁省平均年霾日呈显著增加趋势[2.1 d·(10 a)^-1],但2015年以来霾日显著减少;空间上,年和四季霾日呈现一致的分布特征,均存在1个高值中心(沈阳)和2个副高值中心(北票和锦州),年平均霾日分别为139、52、46 d,辽东和辽西山区为霾日低发区,年平均霾日在20 d以内。风向和风速是霾日形成的重要气象因子,西南偏南风增加带来的暖湿气流对春季、夏季和秋季霾日的形成贡献较大,北风的减少则对冬季霾日的形成贡献较大。霾发生时辽宁省春季、夏季和秋季发生西南偏南风的频率分别由11.4%、12.1%和8.0%增加至15.8%、19.8%和13.5%,冬季则表现为北风发生频率的减少和静风发生频率的增加;霾发生时四季风速均较平均状况偏小,说明小风有利于霾的形成。辽宁省霾长期演变受到污染物排放、风力因子和环境政...     

双线偏振雷达判别降水粒子类型技术及其检验

在综合分析国内外降水粒子相态识别方法的基础上,结合我国双线偏振雷达的应用需求,建立了一套利用双线偏振雷达探测资料识别降水粒子类型的识别模式,并根据美国KOUN雷达观测资料对该模式进行了分析验证,同时检验了模式中的几个偏振参数:差分反射率因子ZDR、差传播相移KDP、水平偏振和垂直偏振回波功率零滞后互相关系数ρHV(0)对不同降水粒子的识别效果。通过分析认为:利用该识别模式得到的结果基本合理,可以反映降水区域内降水粒子的相态结构,但还需要对资料作进一步的研究。同时在识别各类降水粒子方面,ZDR的效果要高于KDP和ρHV(0),在缺乏相关资料的情况下可以考虑用ZH和ZDR配对识别的结果作为真实的结果。