龙永煤田绳索取心钻进工艺技术研究

龙永煤田地质构造复杂,岩性倾角变化大,断层破碎带多,在应用金刚石绳索取心工艺钻进时,常常存在着掉块、坍塌和漏失现象,造成孔内事故多,钻进效率低等问题。通过反复的实践研究,总结出根据不同的地层特性,选择适宜的钻孔口径、钻具级配和钻头型号,配制不同的冲洗液;针对地层的漏失特点和漏失量的大小,采用不同的堵漏材料的技术措施,从而初步解决了在该区钻进时遇到的技术难点,减少了孔内事故的发生,将钻月效率由430m提高到603m,取得了良好的经济效益。     

Chronology of the Paleolithic site of Xibaimaying in the Nihewan Basin,North China,inferred from optical dating of fine-grained quartz

The Paleolithic site of Xibaimaying (XBMY), once considered the youngest flake tool site within the Nihewan Basin, North China, is an ideal archive to study the chronological relationship between flake tool and microblade industries in the Nihewan Basin during the Upper Palaeolithic, but the previous ages obtained for the site remain controversial. From 2015 to 2019, three areas at two archaeological localities (XBMY-I and XBMY-II) of the site were excavated, and well-preserved fossils and flake tools were unearthed. In this study, a total of 26 samples were collected from the three areas for optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating using a single-aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) protocol on fine-grained quartz. A shared ‘Standardized growth curve’ (SGC) for a section was constructed to reduce the time required for D_e estimation. The long-term weighted average water contents of the samples during their burial period were estimated based on the in-situ water contents of continuous samples from a nearby borehole. All the OSL ages were modelled via Bayesian statistics using the OxCal software, modifying the OSL ages with stratigraphic constraints in each section. The results show that the cultural layer bearing flake tool assemblages falls within the period of 122–36 ka, indicating that the flake tool industry of the Xibaimaying site is comparable to that of the Youfangbei (108–86 ka), Banjingzi (∼86 ka) and Xinmiaozhuang (75–63 ka) sites, rather than the youngest one in the Nihewan basin, which explains why the Xibaimaying site is characterized as pure flake tool culture without any ‘advanced’ trait. The OSL dating results also shed new light on the study of sedimentary processes in the Xibaimaying site area. The different deposition rates (0.01–1.61 mm/a) for the sediments at the three newly excavated areas imply complex geomorphologic processes in the site area.