空间曲面真实感的全方位体视

利用求补色立体图屏幕坐标原理,采用浮动水平线法来绘出空间曲面的透视投影图形。通过参数变换可展示出不同视点、不同视角、不同视距下物体表面的形态,通过双眼视觉加强所展示物体表面的真实感。实验表明,该方法有广泛的应用价值。     

多普勒天气雷达三维可视化分析平台设计与实现

为方便气象业务人员多角度观察雷达回波细节和空间分布情况,本文提出并实现了一个跨平台访问的可交互操作的多普勒天气雷达三维可视化分析平台。首先根据雷达基数据特点提出相邻梯形柱体间隔划分四面体的三维可视化算法,基于B/S模式进行三维可视化分析平台整体架构与设计,最终采用HTML的Canvas技术和WebGL技术实现基于Web的雷达回波的二维、三维可视化显示。试验结果表明,多普勒天气雷达三维可视化分析平台具有良好的三维可视化效果和较好交互式可视化体验,为气象工作者提供了一种有效的雷达回波分析工具。     

A remote sensing contribution to hydrologic modelling in arid and inaccessible watersheds,Pishin Lora basin,Pakistan

The lack of adequate field measurements often hampers the construction and calibration of rainfall‐runoff models over many of the world's watersheds. We adopted methodologies that rely heavily on readily available remote sensing datasets as viable alternatives for assessing, managing, and modelling of such remote and inadequately gauged regions. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool was selected for continuous (1998–2005) rainfall‐runoff modelling of one such area, the northeast part of the Pishin Lora basin (NEPL). Input to the model included satellite‐based Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission precipitation data, and modelled runoff was calibrated against satellite‐based observations, the latter included: (i) monthly estimates of the water volumes impounded by the Khushdil Khan (latitude 30°40′N, longitude 67°40′E), and the Kara Lora (latitude 30°34′N, longitude 66°52′E) reservoirs, and (ii) inferred wet versus dry conditions in streams across the NEPL. Calibrations were also conducted against observed flow reported from the Burj Aziz Khan station at the NEPL outlet (latitude 30°20′N; longitude 66°35′E). Model simulations indicate that (i) average annual precipitation (1998–2005), runoff and recharge in the NEPL are 1300 × 10⁶ m³, 148 × 10⁶ m³, and 361 × 10⁶ m³, respectively; (ii) within the NEPL watershed, precipitation and runoff are high for the northeast (precipitation: 194 mm/year; runoff: 38 × 10⁶ m³/year) and northwest (134 mm/year; 26 × 10⁶ m³/year) basins compared to the southern basin (124 mm/year; 8 × 10⁶ m³/year); and (3) construction of delay action dams in the northeast and northwest basins could increase recharge from 361 × 10⁶ m³/year up to 432 × 10⁶ m³/year and achieve sustainable extraction. The adopted methodologies are not a substitute for traditional approaches, but they could provide first‐order estimates for rainfall, runoff, and recharge in the arid and semi‐arid parts of the world that are inaccessible and/or lack adequate coverage with field data. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

井下声电成像测井仪的现状与发展趋势

本文通过对成像测井仪器发展现状的考察,对常用的井下声电成像测井仪的原理进行了分析．对重要的技术指标进行了总结、对比．在此基础上,对成像测井仪器的发展进行了评述,认为：成像测井仪是目前最先进的测井仪器,在油气勘探开发中发挥着重要的作用．     

长江流域潜在蒸发量和实际蒸发量的关系

针对“蒸发悖论”科学问题,从长江流域实际蒸发量变化的原因着手,探讨实际蒸发量与潜在蒸发量之间的关系。研究结果表明：一般情况下当干燥度指数R<0.8时,实际蒸发量与潜在蒸发量为明显的正相反关系,当0.81.0时,实际蒸发量与潜在蒸发量为明显的互补关系。     

机电液一体化集土式扩底钻机具的研制与试验

针对机械式扩底钻具存在扩孔与取土、清孔分离,工序复杂,孔内沉渣难以清理干净,施工效率低,扩孔质量、精度无法保证等问题,研制了机电液一体化集土式扩底钻机具。重点研究集土式扩底钻进施工工艺,集土式扩底钻具的机械结构设计、液压系统和电气控制系统设计,并进行机电液一体化集成试验。结果表明机电液一体化集土式扩底钻机具集扩孔、集土功能于一体,扩底直径准确、扩孔精度高,减少工艺步骤,提高工作效率,满足旋挖钻进扩底桩的施工需求,实现智能化扩底钻进。     

底板梳状钻孔在碎软煤层瓦斯治理中的应用

针对碎软煤层顺层钻孔成孔深度浅、成孔率低、存在抽采盲区等突出问题,基于贵州省青龙煤矿煤层及顶底板岩层赋存特征,提出利用底板梳状钻孔进行碎软煤层长距离、区域瓦斯抽采与治理。首先分析了底板梳状钻孔的施工工艺原理及技术优势所在,从布孔层位、分支点位和钻孔间距的选择等方面总结了底板梳状钻孔的设计原则。通过钻进装备的优选、钻进工艺参数和钻具组合的优化,成功穿越破碎煤岩层孔段,并实现了127 mm套管全程护孔下放,在21605底抽巷施工完成了多组底板梳状定向钻孔。瓦斯抽采效果表明：底板梳状定向钻孔瓦斯抽采流量大、浓度高、衰减速度慢,单孔瓦斯抽采浓度60%～85%、抽采纯量08～25 m3/min,实现了碎软煤层瓦斯高效抽采。为碎软煤层矿井区域瓦斯抽采与治理提供了重要的借鉴。     

哈萨克斯坦KKM油田钻具强稳降振提速技术研究

KKM油田下部砂泥岩互层非均质性强导致井下钻具振动剧烈、PDC切削齿寿命低,且井眼易偏斜。目前在用PDC钻头多采用5刀翼或6刀翼16 mm切削齿以降低井下振动保证PDC钻头寿命,但降低了钻头攻击性导致机械钻速较低。针对KKM油田下部地层特点,优选了4刀翼19 mm复合片PDC钻头。该钻头具有较高的破岩效率和攻击性,可大幅度提高机械钻速;同时通过底部钻具组合动力学分析,优化形成了双稳定器+单稳单弯（0.5°）钻具组合,3个稳定器串联具有较强的稳定降振作用,配合小弯角螺杆钻进可有效提高防斜能力,降低了井下振动,配合大尺寸聚晶金刚石复合片PDC钻头实现了三开井段一趟钻完成的目标,机械钻速提高115.35%。