一种基于图论重构MODIS EVI时间序列数据集的新方法

MODIS的增强型植被指数（EVI）时间序列数据早已广泛应用于植被观测、生态环境和全球气象变化等研究领域,但即使EVI时间序列数据已经经过严格的预处理,其中仍然存在着一些噪声。因此,本文开发了一种简单有效的方法来重构EVI时间序列数据,减少EVI时间序列数据中的噪声,尤其是一些由大气云层和冰雪覆盖产生的噪声。新方法的理论来源于图论,利用拉普拉斯矩阵的关系对EVI中选定的邻域窗口的像元权重进行赋值,得到中心像元的拟合。新方法已应用于2016—2018年的MODIS MOD13A1产品,并与S-G滤波法、谐波函数法、双逻辑斯蒂拟合法和非对称高斯函数法进行了比较。结果表明,在荒漠、草原和林地中,新方法留一验证测试的绝对差值最小,相较于其他方法效果较优;在拟合不同植被类型的EVI时间序列数据时,图论邻点方法呈现出更好的细节拟合曲线;其在5类植被类型中的RMSE值分别为200.59、46.58、63.48、165.47和40.95,在5种方法中均为最小值,在获取高保真和高质量的EVI时间序列数据方面优势更明显有效。本文的方法研究可以给植被遥感时序数据的去噪和生态环境的研究提供有益借鉴。     

小波功率谱Monte Carlo显著性检验的一个简易方案

对一个气象量时间序列p={P（t）,t=^-1,n},通过相空间中的几何分析直观地阐明了Morlet小波功率谱W（t,k）的计算原理,给出了一个对W（t,k）作Monte Carlo显著性检验的方案。由于该方案中随机序列的产生与分析序列p的理论分布无关,实施简单易行。对6月100hPa南亚高压强度指数序列的小波功率谱显著性检验表明,该方案能充分揭示p中年际、年代际振荡随时间的变化,因而具有实际应用价值。     

2016年3月12日运城MS4.4地震地磁谐波振幅比异常分析

利用山西省临汾地磁台记录的数字化FHD分钟值数据,采用地磁谐波振幅比方法,分析2016年3月12日山西运城M_S 4.4地震前后地磁异常数据。结果显示：2015年1月—2016年2月,在周期10—60 min内,Y_ZHx和Y_ZHy方向出现反向异常变化,Y_ZHx和Y_HxHy出现准同步的“下降—转折—恢复”过程;运城M_S 4.4地震前,Y_ZHx和Y_HxHy处于由高转低再上升的转折点,震前异常持续时间约1年3个月。结合山西南部地区GPS基线时间序列、重力场和临汾地震台地电阻率变化,根据震磁机理和电磁感应理论等,更好地解释了临汾地磁谐波振幅比异常。     

Cyclostratigraphic calibration of cretaceous magnetic polarity events (Cismon, Southern Alps, Italy)

In an introductory section the problems of constructing a geologic time scale and the role of magnetic reversals and Milankovitch cycles in geochronology are outlined. Results of a detailed cyclostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic study of the Valanginian/Hauterivian part of the pelagic limestone section at Cismon in the Southern Alps are presented and used in conjunction to estimate the duration of magnetic subchrons between CM10N and CM8. The new estimates are shorter than in most published time scales by a factor of two to three. More research along these lines may make a revision of the Early Cretaceous time scale necessary.     

1982-2013年青藏高原植被动态变化时序分析

针对不同的数据源及时间和空间尺度会使植被覆盖度及其与气象因子影响的结果有所差别这一情况,该文基于青藏高原1982-2012年GIMMS NDVI和2001-2013年MODIS NDVI遥感数据集,结合研究区内12个典型的气象站点数据,进行了青藏高原地区植被覆盖时空动态变化规律及其与气象因子响应的时序分析,并利用重合时间段的数据对比分析了两种传感器在青藏高原地区对植被动态变化监测方面的差异.结果表明:近30年来,青藏高原地区植被呈整体改善趋势,尤其是高海拔地区;不同阶段植被的变化趋势有所不同;两种传感器在反映植被动态变化趋势上差异显著,但两者与气候因子的响应规律相同.     

Contrasts in sedimentation flux below the southern California Current in late 1996 and during the El Niño event of 1997–1998

The vertical flux of particulate matter at 330 m depth in San Lázaro Basin off southern Baja California ranged from 63 to 587 mg m⁻² d⁻¹ between August and November 1996. Organic carbon contents were between 5.6 and 14.8%, yielding flux rates of 9–40 mgC m⁻² d⁻¹. In December 1997 and January 1998, at the height of the strong El Niño event, the respective fluxes (47–202 mg m⁻² d⁻¹ and 3–8 mgC m⁻² d⁻¹) were comparable. The February–June 1998 records, however, revealed sharply reduced mass (1–6 mg m⁻² d⁻¹) and organic carbon (0.2–0.8 mgC m⁻² d⁻¹) fluxes. The organics collected in 1996 were predominantly autochthonous (δ¹³C=−22‰; C/N=8). The variations in δ¹⁵N (8.3–11.0‰) suggest an alternation of new and regenerated production, possibly associated with fluctuations in the intensity of deep mixing during that autumn. The relatively high organic matter fluxes in December 1997 appear to be associated with regenerated production. The average composition from February to June 1998 (δ¹³C=−23.6‰; ¹⁵N=11.7‰; C/N=10.5) indicates degraded material of marine origin. The maximum δ¹⁵N value found (14‰) suggests that deeper, denitrified waters were brought to the surface and possibly advected laterally. Regime changes in the waters of the basin occur at 6–10 week intervals, evidenced by concurrent shifts in most of the measured parameters, including fecal pellet types and metal chemistry. The marine snow-dominated detritus collected showed a shift from a mixed diatom-rich-radiolarian-coccolith assemblage in late 1996 to a coccolith-dominated assemblage, including the contents of fecal pellets, during the 1997–1998 El-Niño period. T–S profiles, plankton analysis and chlorophyll contents of the upper water column indicated that the strong phytoplankton bloom, normally associated with seasonal upwelling along the Pacific coast of Baja, did not occur during the spring of 1998. The persistence of oligotrophic conditions during the 1997–1998 El Niño event favored the dominance of nanoplankton and reduced the vertical flux of particles.     

基坑水平变形预测技术

介绍用指数平滑模型与时序分析方法对基坑的水平变形预测技术,并随着新数据的加入适时修改平滑系数预测变形值。工程实例研究表明:该方法与单独指数平滑模型相比可使预测值与实际位移值之间的误差更小,与曲线拟合技术相比更加稳定。     

中国红树林制图的遥感时空概率阈值方法

红树林作为热带和亚热带海岸带上特有的森林群落,具有独特的生态功能以及重大的社会、经济价值。中国红树林经历了反复的破坏与保护,遥感监测手段可以为实施大规模的红树林生态系统保护和恢复行动提供科学技术支撑。本研究依托Google Earth Engine平台提出一种时空概率阈值法对中国红树林范围进行提取。研究选取2015年516景Landsat 8数据,首先使用非监督分类法进行水陆分离,其次通过生成缓冲区确定红树林潜在生长区,然后协同多种指数与光谱信息构建多特征决策树提取红树林粗略的生长范围,最后基于长时序的红树林粗略范围数据计算红树林生长概率,并通过实验确定概率阈值对红树林进行精细提取。通过实验对比发现时空概率阈值法的红树林生产者精度达90.36%,且能较好地提取幼小、分散的红树林。研究得到了2015年中国红树林分布结果,全国红树林面积为21932 ha,广西和广东两省红树林面积占中国红树林总面积的73.22%,为中国红树林主要分布区域。     

Argos: An optimized time-series photometer

We designed a prime focus CCD photometer, Argos, optimized for high speed time-series measurements of blue variables (Nather & Mukadam 2004) for the 2.1 m telescope at McDonald Observatory. Lack of any intervening optics between the primary mirror and the CCD makes the instrument highly efficient. We measure an improvement in sensitivity by a factor of nine over the 3-channel PMT photometers used on the same telescope and for the same exposure time. The CCD frame transfer operation triggered by GPS synchronized pulses serves as an electronic shutter for the photometer. This minimizes the dead time between exposures, but more importantly, allows a precise control of the start and duration of the exposure. We expect the uncertainty in our timing to be less than 100μs. Hubble Fellow