基于时序预报神经网络的斜坡变形预测方法

将神经网络理论引入到斜坡变形预测领域，利用时序数据构造训练样本，在训练过程中引入遗忘因子和期望因子，形成相应的网络结构，初步探索出了一条新的预测斜坡变形的理论方法。     

GPS水平位移时间序列地震短期信息特征分析

对GPS基准站连续观测水平位移时间序列数据的时-频特征进行了分析, 为了突出局部变化的信息, 在中国大陆东部选取一组参考点进行相似变换。 利用小波分析和傅里叶分析方法对资料进行处理, 分析结果表明, 2001年11月14日昆仑山口西8.1级大地震前中国大陆西部部分测点水平位移序列出现短期变化信号。     

Quantifying annual land-cover change and vegetation greenness variation in a coastal ecosystem using dense time-series Landsat data

Land-cover change may affect water and carbon cycles when transitioning from one land-cover category to another (land-cover conversion, LCC) or when the characteristics of the land-cover type are altered without changing its overall category (land-cover modification, LCM). Given the increasing availability of time-series remotely sensed data for earth monitoring, there has been increased recognition of the importance of accounting for both LCC and LCM to study annual land-cover changes. In this study, we integrated 1,513 time-series Landsat images and a change-updating method to identify annual LCC and LCM during 1986–2015 in the coastal area of Zhejiang Province, China. The purpose was to quantify their contributions to land-cover changes and impacts on the amount of vegetation. The results show that LCC and LCM can be successfully distinguished with an overall accuracy of 90.0%. LCM accounted for 22% and 40.5% of the detected land-cover changes in reclaimed and inland areas, respectively, during 1986–2015. In the reclaimed area, LCC occurred mostly in muddy tidal flats, construction land, aquaculture ponds, and freshwater herbaceous land, whereas LCM occurred mostly in freshwater herbaceous land, Spartina alterniflora, and muddy tidal flats. In the inland area, both LCC and LCM were concentrated in forest and dryland. Overall, LCC had a mean magnitude of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) change similar to that of LCM. However, LCC had a positive effect and LCM had a negative effect on NDVI change in the reclaimed area. Both LCC and LCM in the inland area had negative impacts on vegetation greenness, but LCC resulted in larger NDVI change magnitude. Impacts of LCC and LCM on vegetation greenness were quantified for each land-cover type. This study provided a methodological framework to take both LCC and LCM into account when analyzing land-cover changes and quantified their effects on coastal ecosystem vegetation.     

遥感时间序列数据滤波重建算法发展综述

遥感时间序列数据(MODIS,NOAA/AVHRR,SPOT/VEGETATION等)在植被生长监测、物候信息提取、土地利用类型监测等诸多领域得到了广泛应用,是生产研究的重要数据源之一.由于传感器、云层大气等影响,遥感时间序列数据存在着严重的噪声,应用前必须进行序列滤波重建工作.综述现有各类滤波重建方法,对研究中广为采用的3类主要方法(基于最小二乘的非对称高斯函数拟合、SavitZky-Golay滤波、基于离散傅里叶的系列分析方法)集中阐述其理论基础、应用步骤和优缺点.总结当前遥感时间序列滤波重建方法需要进一步改进之处.     

How well do ecosystem indicators communicate the effects of anthropogenic eutrophication?

Anthropogenic eutrophication affects the Mediterranean, Black, North and Baltic Seas to various extents. Responses to nutrient loading and methods of monitoring relevant indicators vary regionally, hindering interpretation of ecosystem state changes and preventing a straightforward pan-European assessment of eutrophication symptoms. Here we summarize responses to nutrient enrichment in Europe's seas, comparing existing time-series of selected pelagic (phytoplankton biomass and community composition, turbidity, N:P ratio) and benthic (macro flora and faunal communities, bottom oxygen condition) indicators based on their effectiveness in assessing eutrophication effects. Our results suggest that the Black Sea and Northern Adriatic appear to be recovering from eutrophication due to economic reorganization in the Black Sea catchment and nutrient abatement measures in the case of the Northern Adriatic. The Baltic is most strongly impacted by eutrophication due to its limited exchange and the prevalence of nutrient recycling. Eutrophication in the North Sea is primarily a coastal problem, but may be exacerbated by climatic changes. Indicator interpretation is strongly dependent on sea-specific knowledge of ecosystem characteristics, and no single indicator can be employed to adequately compare eutrophication state between European seas. Communicating eutrophication-related information to policy-makers could be facilitated through the use of consistent indicator selection and monitoring methodologies across European seas. This work is discussed in the context of the European Commission's recently published Marine Strategy Directive.     

Construction of lake bathymetry from MODIS satellite data and GIS from 2003 to 2011

In recent years, sedimentation conditions in Dongting Lake have varied greatly because of significant changes in runoff and sediment load in the Changjiang （Yangtze） River following the construction of Three Gorges Dam. The topography of the lake bottom has changed rapidly because of the intense exchange of water and sediment between the lake and the Changjiang River. However, time series information on lake-bottom topographic change is lacking. In this study, we introduced a method that combines remote sensing data and in situ water level data to extract a record of Dongting Lake bottom topography from 2003 to 2011. Multi-temporal lake land/water boundaries were extracted from MODIS images using the linear spectral mixture model method. The elevation of water/land boundary points were calculated using water level data and spatial interpolation techniques. Digital elevation models of Dongting Lake bottom topography in different periods were then constructed with the multiple heighted waterlines. The mean root-mean-square error of the linear spectral mixture model was 0.036, and the mean predicted error for elevation interpolation was -0.19 m. Compared with field measurement data and sediment load data, the method has proven to be most applicable. The results show that the topography of the bottom of Dongting Lake has exhibited uneven erosion and deposition in terms of time and space over the last nine years. Moreover, lake-bottom topography has undergone a slight erosion trend within this period, with 58.2% and 41.8% of the lake-bottom area being eroded and deposited, respectively.     

GPS时间序列及其对昆仑山口西 8.1级地震的响应

采用GIPSY软件解算的站点坐标时间序列,对我国25个GPS基准站的观测数据进行了分析. 结果表明, 该时间序列存在明显的趋势变化,经向坐标与纬向坐标的趋势变化反映了各站点在全球板块中的运动; 垂直方向的趋势变化揭示的可能是大尺度的构造信息, 也可能是站点周围局部运动的反映. 分析还表明,该时间序列存在明显的近乎1年的年变周期,但具体原因还有待于进一步研究. 最后, 就该时间序列对昆仑山口西8.1级地震的响应进行了分析. 结果表明:GPS时间序列对该地震的孕育过程反映明显,并根据时间进程及异常特点将昆仑山口西8.1级地震的孕育过程分为3个阶段: 块体受力状态的变化、应力积累和能量的快速积累与缓慢释放. 在8.1级地震孕育的初始阶段和临震、同震及震后恢复阶段, 垂直方向的异常占据主导地位,初始阶段垂直方向的异常运动导致断层间闭锁; 而在地震孕育的中期,各块体间水平方向的差异运动则占主导地位,它是引起能量在断层闭锁段积累的重要原因.       

基于CEEMD和自适应中值滤波的大地电磁数据去噪研究

为提高大地电磁数据的信噪比,笔者提出基于互补总体经验模式分解(CEEMD)和自适应中值滤波的去噪方法,利用CEEMD将大地电磁时间序列数据分解成多个固有模态函数(IMF)及趋势项,依据噪声的高低频特征有选择地利用自适应中值滤波对固有模态函数(IMF)进行去噪,再进行数据重构。对实测数据进行处理,该方法能较好地抑制大地电磁数据中、低频部分的噪声干扰,抑制突变点,提高数据的信噪比。