在轨卫星无地面控制点摄影测量探讨

摄影测量卫星采用商用级星敏感器构成的测姿系统,其姿态测量存在不可忽视的低频和＂慢漂＂系统性误差,使得经过在轨标定后的星敏感器和三线阵CCD相机安装角转换参数产生额外的增量dφC、dωC、dκC。在一条航线内,这些增量可视为常量,依靠其在立体模型上表现的上下视差规律,在无地面控制点条件下,通过在光束法平差中增加对dφC、dωC及dκC补偿的措施,无地面控制点目标定位改善到11～22m左右。     

利用HGA和单位四元数的相对定向解法

利用将经典遗传算法和最速下降法相结合的混合遗传算法进行相对定向,并用强收敛性的单位四元数表示旋转矩阵,可有效避免经典遗传算法容易早熟的弱点,并在无需初值的情况下经较少的遗传代数快速收敛。     

A bundle adjustment approach with inner constraints for the scaled orthographic projection

Bundle adjustment is a method for simultaneously calculating both the interior and exterior orientation parameters of a set of images, and the object-space coordinates of the observed points. In the case of long focal length lenses and narrow field-of-view (FOV) imaging situations, collinearity based (perspective projection) algorithms may result in linear dependencies between parameters that cause solution instability. The use of a scaled orthographic projection model based on linear algebraic formulations was therefore adopted to reduce this risk. Using quaternions, a new mathematical model is derived that includes the partial derivatives as well as the inner constraint equations for a scaled orthographic bundle adjustment. The model was then tested using two image sets of a single, small vessel (about 6 m length) with a cube target of known dimensions at two distinct ranges; perspective solutions were also calculated for comparison. RMS residual errors of 0.74-0.78 pixels associated with the new method compare favorably to a residual error range of 0.59-0.74 pixels using a perspective bundle adjustment of the same target points. Relative precisions (as a ratio of target size) of between 1:1650 and 1:750 have been achieved at ranges of 375 m and 850 m, respectively, given comparisons with the known cube dimensions. A third image dataset consisting of a network of 16 images was solved with a 1:2200 relative precision showing the new method can successfully handle high redundancy. For the experiments that were conducted, the new method was found to produce less precise results than the perspective bundle solution for a FOV of 0.50-0.65° where the object fills 5-8% of the image. However, it was found to match the precision of the perspective model (with an uncalibrated camera) for a FOV of 0.20-0.30° where the object of interest fills only 1-2% of the full image.     

航空摄影统一监管法律基础探讨

关于航空摄影是否是测绘活动,以及测绘部门是否应将航空摄影纳入测绘统一监管的范畴,目前有不同的认识。本文明确了航空摄影是一种重要的测绘活动,从而论述了测绘部门对航空摄影实施统一监管的法律基础。     

长周期形变波特征分析

利用一些大地震前观测到的短临和临震地震前兆异常资料,综述了多年来长周期形变波观测事实和研究状况.利用地震前后记录到的典型震例异常图像的特点、形态、量级,多层次分析了长周期形变波的异常持续时间,有效监测范围,主震震级范围,异常形态,周期及传播速度特性.结果表明:长周期形变波异常持续时间多为震前几个小时到6.5天,对应地震...     

阿合奇地震台地倾斜观测与气温变化关系

通过提取地倾斜EW分量资料与气温资料作对比分析,认为EW分量短期变化与气温变化关系明显,但年变幅度变化与气温年变幅度关系不明显,且每次阿合奇地震台周围200 km范围内发生中强地震前,EW分量均出现趋势性的倾斜速率改变或者倾斜方向改变,说明该台地倾斜变化趋势与地震对应关系较为明显.而年变幅度与相位所含信息较为复杂,与地...     

Block removal and step backwearing as erosion processes on rock shore platforms: a preliminary case study of the chalk shore platforms of south‐east England

Shore platforms frequently exhibit steps or risers facing seaward, landwards or obliquely across‐shore. A combination of soft copy photogrammetry, ortho‐rectification, geo referencing and field measurement of step height are linked in a GIS environment to measure step retreat on chalk shore platforms at sample sites in the south of England over two periods, 1973–2001, 2001–2007. The methods used allow for the identification, delineation and measurement of historic change at high spatial resolution. The results suggest that while erosion of chalk shore platforms by step backwearing is highly variable, it appears to be of similar magnitude to surface downwearing of the same platforms measured by micro‐erosion meters (MEMs) and laser scanning, in a range equivalent to 0·0006 – 0·0050 m y^?1 of surface downwearing. This equates to annual chalk volume loss from the platforms, by the two erosion processes combined, of between 0·0012 m³ m^?2 and 0·0100 m³ m^?2. Results from the more recent years' data suggests that step retreat has variability in both space and time which does not relate solely to climatic variability. The results must be viewed with caution until much larger numbers of measurements have been made of both downwearing and step erosion at higher spatial and temporal resolution. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

航空摄影测量技术在海岛礁测绘的应用

在完成海岛像控测量、野外调绘、空三加密、内业测图等航空摄影测量技术流程,测绘比例尺1:10000海岛地形图,制作相应的数字高程模型、正射影像图等产品的基础上,总结了航测技术应用于海岸、海岛地形测绘的技术方法、作业流程,并将航测成果与常规海岸地形测量成果进行比对,得出了航测成果精度能够满足<海道测量规范>要求,航测技术可...     

Basal‐topographic control of stationary ponds on a continuously moving landslide

The Slumgullion landslide in the San Juan Mountains of southwestern Colorado has been moving for at least the last few hundred years and has multiple ponds on its surface. We have studied eight ponds during 30 trips to the landslide between July 1998 and July 2007. During each trip, we have made observations on the variability in pond locations and water levels, taken ground‐based photographs to document pond water with respect to moving landslide material and vegetation, conducted Global Positioning System surveys of the elevations of water levels and mapped pond sediments on the landslide surface. Additionally, we have used stereo aerial photographs taken in October 1939, October 1940 and July 2000 to measure topographic profiles of the eight pond locations, as well as a longitudinal profile along the approximate centerline of the landslide, to examine topographic changes over a 60‐ to 61‐year period of time. Results from field observations, analyses of photographs, mapping and measurements indicate that all pond locations have remained spatially stationary for 60–300 years while landslide material moves through these locations. Water levels during the observation period were sensitive to changes in the local, spring‐fed, stream network, and to periodic filling of pond locations by sediment from floods, hyperconcentrated flows, mud flows and debris flows. For pond locations to remain stationary, the locations must mimic depressions along the basal surface of the landslide. The existence of such depressions indicates that the topography of the basal landslide surface is irregular. These results suggest that, for translational landslides that have moved distances larger than the dimensions of the largest basal topographic irregularities (about 200 m at Slumgullion), landslide surface morphology can be used as a guide to the morphology of the basal slip surface. Because basal slip surface morphology can affect landslide stability, kinematic models and stability analyses of translational landslides should attempt to incorporate irregular basal surface topography. Additional implications for moving landslides where basal topography controls surface morphology include the following: dateable sediments or organic material from basal layers of stationary ponds will yield ages that are younger than the date of landslide initiation, and it is probable that other landslide surface features such as faults, streams, springs and sinks are also controlled by basal topography. The longitudinal topographic profile indicated that the upper part of the Slumgullion landslide was depleted at a mean vertical lowering rate of 5.6 cm/yr between 1939 and 2000, while the toe advanced at an average rate of 1.5 m/yr during the same period. Therefore, during this 61‐year period, neither the depletion of material at the head of the landslide nor continued growth of the landslide toe has decreased the overall movement rate of the landslide. Continued depletion of the upper part of the landslide, and growth of the toe, should eventually result in stabilization of the landslide. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

2006年乌苏MS5.1地震前后北天山地倾斜资料异常分析

分析了2006年11月23日新疆乌苏Ms5.1地震前后距震中250 km范围内的北天山地倾斜观测资料.认为2005年初以来绝大多数测项存在明显的准同步性趋势异常,以趋势性加速E倾、N倾为主,地震发生在大多数异常结束并出现返向加速变化之后,少数在趋势性E倾、N倾过程中;空间上愈接近震中,异常开始时间愈早,异常测项也较为集中.与以往震例比较该次地震前中短期和短临异常不明显,震后绝大多数趋势异常仍在持续,可能表明北天山地区依然存在发生中强地震的背景.