夏季降水量与气温资料的恢复试验

该文对我国汛期降水量和气温缺测资料及资料均一性恢复的方法进行试验研究。对单个气候地区（东北区），以及全国6个气候地区用逐步回归和逐步判别方法进行缺测1～5年恢复试验。对东北地区内所有站点的试验表明，逐步判别分析方法比逐步回归分析方法恢复效果好些；选择邻站用判别分析方法建立的恢复模型，效果更好。全国气候地区试验表明，选择邻站的判别分析方法有较好的恢复效果。     

A Model-Based Approach to Semi-Automated Reconstruction of Buildings from Aerial Images

Automated reconstruction of building objects from aerial images is a complex problem due to the diversity of buildings as well as noise and low contrast of images, which are the results of distant photography, atmospheric effects and poor illumination. In this paper, a semi-automated approach to the reconstruction of parametric building models from aerial images is presented, which works with line segments extracted from the image. The model is selected interactively from a library of parametric models. A perceptual grouping technique is used to select the most significant image lines in terms of relations such as proximity and parallelism. Model lines are searched for the same relations as in the grouped image lines, and the corresponding lines undergo a matching procedure, which determines whether or not a match can be found between the given model and image lines. An experiment with aerial images of flat-roof and gable-roof buildings is shown and its results indicate the robustness and efficiency of the proposed approach.     

基于强度折减概念的滑坡稳定性三维分析方法(Ⅱ):加固安全系数计算

结合乌江洪家渡1#塌滑体加固设计工程,探讨了滑动面已知的条件下滑坡稳定性的三维分析方法。首先,模拟了塌滑体在天然状态下处于极限平衡状态时的滑动方向,并使用其应力成果计算了塌滑体的三维安全系数;其次,建议了基于强度折减概念的三维加固安全系数计算方法:最后,提出了加固设计的进一步优化方案。计算结果表明,塌滑体的滑动方向与局部地形等高线近于垂直。主滑方向变化较大,自后缘的NE15°方向逐步过渡到中部的NS向,最终过渡到前缘的NE30°方向,以致很难作出能表征主滑方向的地质剖面。基于应力计算成果的安全系数计算公式不能充分考虑滑坡体的抗滑潜能,也不能充分反映滑坡体的滑动方向,安全系数偏大。基于强度折减概念的三维加固安全系数计算方法具有有限元等方法的优点,较好地克服了上述局限性,可以合理地评价加固后的滑坡稳定性。     

A Physical and Numerical Investigation on the Stability of Shallow Tunnels in Strain Softening Media

Summary The behaviour up to failure of shallow underground openings is discussed on the basis of some laboratory, small-scale model tests and of finite element simulation. The experimental results are first illustrated. They were obtained from two-dimensional (plane strain) and three-dimensional tunnel models tested under standard gravity conditions. Then, the phenomenon of strain localisation that characterizes the medium surrounding the model tunnels is discussed, recalling two alternative approaches for its numerical interpretation. On this basis, a finite element procedure for strain softening analyses is outlined and applied to the simulation of the tests in both two- and three-dimensional conditions. The comparison between experimental and numerical results leads to some conclusions on the influence of strain localisation on the overall behaviour of shallow tunnels and on the stability of their headings.     

Methods for Setting up a Three-Dimensional Industrial Surveying System of “Building Blocks Type”

1　Methodsfororientatinginitialdirec tioninindustrialsurveyDifferentfromconventionalengineeringsurvey,thedistancebetweenthetwoangle measurementdevicesinindustrialsurveyisnomorethantenmeters.Theaccu racyforthemeasurementofobjectpointsisrequiredtobebetween± ( 0 .0 2～ 0 .0 5～ 0 .2 0 )mm ,sotheaccu racyfortheorientationoftheinitialdirectionoughttobehigh .Theexistingmethodsfororientatingtheinitialdirectionbetweenthetwoangle measurementdevicesincludemethodofusinginnertarget,collimatormethod,metho…     

基于受限汉语的GIS路径重建研究

主要研究基于自然语言 (汉语 )的GIS路径重建问题 ,通过分析带有路径表述信息的汉语文本 ,建立了汉语的NLRP句法模型 ,它是由带有空间语义的动作以及作为动作对象的地理要素构成的集合。考虑到自然语言理解实现的需求 ,论文基于NLRP句法模型定义了受限汉语的NLRP文法 ,在此基础上 ,描述了路径重建算法PRA ,并探讨了算法实现中由于空间认知原因带来的不确定性问题以及其解决方案。最后 ,基于该算法进行了相关实例研究 ,从而验证了该算法的正确性     

The lacustrine sedimentary records of coal-burning atmospheric pollution

With the acceleration of industrialization, coal- burning atmospheric pollution is getting more and more serious in many regions in China. However, there are only about ten odd years literature records about pollution in some large and mid-sized cities, where the atmosphere has perhaps been polluted for several decades, and therefore it is difficult to know the process and characteristic of pollution, and diffi-cult to evaluate its damage to environment. Lacustrine sediment, a natural record w…     

A critical evaluation of multi‐proxy dendroclimatology in northern Finland

Twentieth‐century summer (July–August) temperatures in northern Finland are reconstructed using ring widths, maximum density and stable carbon isotope ratios (δ¹³C) of Scots pine tree rings, and using combinations of these proxies. Verification is based on the coefficient of determination (r²), reduction of error (RE) and coefficient of efficiency (CE) statistics. Of the individual proxies, δ¹³C performs best, followed by maximum density. Combining δ¹³C and maximum density strengthens the climate signal but adding ring widths leads to little improvement. Blue intensity, an inexpensive alternative to X‐ray densitometry, is shown to perform similarly. Multi‐proxy reconstruction of summer temperatures from a single site produces strong correlations with gridded climate data over most of northern Fennoscandia. Since relatively few trees are required (<15) the approach could be applied to long sub‐fossil chronologies where replication may be episodically low. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

三维激光扫描技术在曲面模型重建中的应用

利用地面三维激光扫描仪对目标物体表面进行多方位、多角度的扫描,可以获取其表面大量且密集的高精度点的三维坐标信息以及反射率信息,将这些信息存储到电脑中,使用专业软件进行处理,再使用建模软件生成建筑物的三维模型。本文所研究的是使用地面三维激光扫描仪,通过高速激光测量方式,快速、全面、精确地获取建筑物表面的三维信息,经过一系列的点云数据处理及模型处理,最终完成曲面模型三维重建的过程。