努力提高三维地震勘探精度，为西部煤炭工业做出新贡献

以国家重大产业技术开发专项“西部煤炭资源高精度三维地震勘探技术”项目的由来、意义和总体研究目标为引,概括的介绍了项目依托工程中各个专项技术研究完成情况,并对非均匀介质成像技术、高精度三维地震静校正技术、高密度采集技术、特观技术、岩性反演技术、属性体解释技术等六项重大关键技术取得的突破性进展进行了重点说明。指出随着我国煤炭生产重点的逐步西移,应加强诸如叠前、叠后深度偏移技术的研究,以解决复杂山区三维地震面元内地震反射波散射问题,提高其三维地震勘探精度,为西部煤炭工业做出新贡献!     

三维地震小面元采集技术在晋城矿区的应用

依托“西部煤炭资源高精度三维地震勘探技术”工程,对晋城矿区进行了旨在提高小断层,小陷落柱探测能力的高密度三维地震勘探。根据面元选择因素及该区地质任务,采用5m×5m网格进行野外数据采集;考虑炮检距、方位角、覆盖次数、排列片横纵比及煤层埋深（350～500m）等因素,采用中点放炮、60道接收,24次覆盖（横向4次,纵向6次）的8线16炮束状观测系统,基岩中激发。原始资料经同一处理流程后,获得5m×5m×1ms、5m×10m×1ms、10m×10m×1ms及2.5m×2.5m×1ms不同单元的三维数据体多个,通过对比可以发现小断层,小陷落柱在其小面元叠加时间剖面、顺层切片及相干切片都有清晰的反映。实例说明,小面元采集技术可以提高对小构造的纵、横向分辨能力,满足山区对三维地震精确勘探的要求。     

提高管线探测水平分辨率的技术方法

在平顶山矿工路路面改造工程中,使用GX-2型及RD-4000型地下管线探测仪探测地下管网布设情况。根据地下管线种类、管线布设方位、埋置深度、探测难度大小进行了多次试验,在此基础上确定了电磁探测技术与方法：利用直连法提高被测管线中的交变电流,压制邻近平行管线和地下介质中的异常反映;在多管并存、且间距较小的情况下,应选择“梯度法”对磁场水平分量垂直梯度ΔHx进行观测,以得到最大清晰异常;另外,还应根据具体情况,合理选择诸如压制旁侧管线法、选择发射法、偏移感应法、动源发射法等发射方式,保证目标管线中有较强异常呈现。在管线密集区,应尽可能地降低工作频率,以减小旁侧管线中产生的二次电流及二次磁场;为防止信噪比下降,可适当减小收发距,以提高接收机的灵敏度。     

地震勘探技术在深部找煤中的应用

成矿理论与勘探实践证明,东部一些老矿由于勘探深度、范围的限制以及认识上的局限,在矿区深部、周边仍有一些矿未能发现和查明,其中相当一部分仍具有找矿潜力;而寻找西部新的煤炭资源是国家“稳定东部发展西部”战略需要。针对中国东西部不同的地质条件和勘探目标,其地震勘探野外施工方法及资料处理原则有所差异;而资料解释在东部以查明地层赋存形态、煤层赋存范围、构造发育特征为主,西部则以寻找煤系地层波阻抗差异明显、连续性好的反射波组为解释重点。地震勘探技术在中国东西部的二个典型地震时间剖面佐证了其在深部找矿的应用效果。     

Energy efficiency evaluation,technology gap ratio,and determinants of energy productivity change in developed and developing G20 economies: DEA super-SBM and MLI approaches

This study employed Slack-based measure (SBM), Meta-frontier analysis, and Malmquist–Luenberger index (MLI) approaches to measure energy efficiency (EE), production technology heterogeneity, and energy productivity variation and its main determinants in developed and developing G20 countries for the period 1995–2020. The study's findings are: (i) Average EE for G20 countries is 0.8577, but still has an improvement potential of 14.23 percent. (ii) Developed countries have a higher average EE than developing (0.8927 > 0.8290). Results further revealed that energy efficiency scores in Argentina, Australia, Brazil, France, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, the US, the UK, and Korea are>1. (iii) Technology gap ratio (TGR) value in developed countries is higher than in developing (0.9869 > 0.6801), indicating that developed countries have advanced energy technologies superiority. The average MLI is less than one, showing a decline in energy productivity mainly due to a decline in technical efficiency, as EC < TC. (iv) Developed G20 countries get 0.64 percent aggregate growth in energy productivity as their MLI score is 1.0064, mainly due to technological growth (TC = 1.0161). Developing G20 countries, on the other hand, witnessed a decline in their energy productivity during 1995–2020, as MLI = 0.9925 > 1, designating that, on average, there is a 0.75 % decline in MLI.     

An investigation of subglacial processes at the microscale from Briksdalsbreen, Norway

The subglacial processes at Briksdalsbreen, Norway, are examined by a combination of sedimentology, thin section and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of till samples from an exposed subglacial surface and from beneath the glacier. Studies of a fluted surface indicate that subglacial deformation is occurring on a field scale with flutes forming behind most clasts 0·6 m high. At the thin section scale (0·014–2·0 mm) it is seen that deformation is by rotation and attenuation and is dependent on till texture. At the SEM scale (0·1–0·4 mm) it is seen that erosion is controlled by abrasion and percussion which produces distinct grain ‘styles’ as part of an erosional continuum. Overall it is shown that rotation and attenuation is a dominant process at all scales and that the clast interactions associated with different scale perturbations within the shear zone control erosion and deposition, as well as landform and fabric production.     

高压旋喷桩有关问题的探索和研究

通过工程实例，介绍了单管法高压旋喷桩施工工艺、技术参数、施工中存在的问题以及注意事项。阐述了一些常见故障及预防措施。     

虚拟样机技术在地质工程机械领域的应用研究

基于对国内地质工程机械的研发现状的考虑，根据虚拟样机技术的特点，讨论了在地质工程机械领域实施虚拟样机技术的必要件，并提出了建立地质工程机械虚拟样机的策略。联合PRO／E、ANSYS及ADAMS建立了气动潜孔锤的虚拟样机模型，对气动潜孔锤虚拟样机进行了仿真，阐明了虚拟样机技术在地质工程机械领域的应用前景。     

GGR Critical Review of Analytical Developments in 2004–2005

In 2005 Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research embarked upon a new initiative for its readers. Key researchers in various fields of geoanalytical technique development and their application were identified and invited to provide reviews pertinent to their expertise. As noted in the first of these publications "…instead of revisiting the historical context or decades of development in each analytical technique, the goal here has been to capture a snapshot of "hot topics" across a range of fields as represented in the… literature" (Hergt et al . 2005). Rather than prepare an annual review, a decision was taken earlier this year to provide a biennial summary of progress and accomplishments, in this case for the years 2004–2005. The principal techniques employed in Earth and environmental sciences are covered here, and include laser ablation and multicollector ICP-MS, ICP-AES, thermal ionisation and secondary ion mass spectrometry, as well as neutron activation analysis, X-ray fluorescence and atomic absorption spectrometry. A comprehensive review of the development of reference materials, often essential to these techniques, is also provided. The contributions assembled serve both to keep readers informed of advances they may be unfamiliar with, but also as a means of showcasing examples of the breadth and depth of work being conducted in these fields.     

Organizational Dynamics of the U.S. Logistics Industry: An Economic Geography Perspective*

Although the logistics industry provides critical services to all sectors of the economy, few studies exist in economic geography that examine and explain the organizational dynamics of this industry. This article highlights the significance of the logistics industry in contemporary industrialization and argues that an enriched understanding of the interaction between technology and space can be achieved by examining the evolution of an industry that plays a central role in the contemporary economy. We focus on dimensions that are identified as particularly important: organizational, geographic, and risk and security.