钙网蛋白相关信号通路在肿瘤中的研究进展

钙网蛋白（calreticulin,CRT）是参与多种细胞过程的高度保守的内质网伴侣蛋白。1974年,它首次被鉴定为钙离子结合蛋白,随后CRT与肿瘤之间信号通路相关关系被广泛的研究。另外,在人类多种肿瘤中,细胞表面的CRT被认为是1个"促吞噬"信号,由此CRT与癌细胞的巨噬细胞吞噬免疫系统的相关研究,有望为肿瘤综合治疗提供新的理论依据和策略。也有越来越多的证据表明CRT在不同肿瘤中的异常表达,将为CRT成为一种新的肿瘤标志物提供许多依据。以及CRT对各种肿瘤的发展具有很重要的影响且CRT对肿瘤形成和进展的影响取决于细胞类型和临床阶段。     

Probabilistic analysis of responses of cantilever wall-supported excavations in sands considering vertical spatial variability

The influence of vertical spatial variability of sands on the excavation-induced lateral wall deflection and bending moment of excavations supported by cantilever retaining walls is investigated in this paper. Herein, the random finite element method (RFEM) is adopted to explicitly study the effect of one-dimensional spatial variability of internal friction angle of sands on the predicted wall and ground responses. The RFEM analysis consists of three components: (1) finite element method for analyzing lateral wall deflection and bending moment, (2) random field theory implemented with Monte Carlo simulation (MCS), and (3) statistical interpretation of MCS results through confidence intervals. This study reveals the importance of random field modeling in coping with the spatial variability of sands in the problem of supported excavations: (1) neglecting spatial variability of soil property will cause an overestimation of the variation in the predicted wall deflection and bending moment; (2) the estimated probability of failure based on a well-established serviceability limit state may be overestimated or underestimated depending on the chosen limiting lateral wall deflection. This study further investigates the effect of the number of MCS on the confidence intervals of the predicted statistics of the maximum lateral wall deflection and the maximum bending moment. The results also demonstrate that the confidence interval analysis of the predicted statistics of the maximum lateral wall deflection and the maximum bending moment provides a rational tool for interpreting the statistical data from RFEM.     

On the stability of fissured slopes subject to seismic action

A set of analytical solutions achieved by the upper bound theorem of limit analysis and the pseudo‐static approach is presented for the assessment of the stability of homogeneous c, ϕ slopes manifesting vertical cracks and subject to seismic action. Rotational failure mechanisms are considered for slopes with cracks of either known or unknown depth and location. A validation exercise was carried out based on numerical limit analyses and displacement‐based finite‐element analyses with strength reduction technique. Charts providing the stability factor for fissured slopes subject to both horizontal and vertical accelerations for any combination of c, ϕ and slope inclination are provided. The effect of the direction of the vertical acceleration on slope stability is specifically analysed. Yield seismic coefficients are also provided. When the presence of cracks within the slope can be ascertained with reasonable confidence, maps showing the zones within the slope where they have no destabilising effect are provided. Finally, Newmark's method was employed to assess the effect of cracks on earthquake induced displacements. To this end, displacement coefficients are provided in chart form as a function of the slope characteristics. Two examples of slopes subjected to known earthquakes are illustrated. © 2016 The Authors. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

The Loci of Satellite Positions: A Constellation Design Approach

In special cases in which satellite constellations can be described by a limited set of parameters, a correlation between the latter and the constellation characteristics (i.e. shape and kinematics of the satellite configurations) has been investigated. Such cases may be a useful starting point for designing more complex constellations in order to achieve better the desired performances. Therefore, this proves to be one way to fix an initial set of parameters once the desired behaviour of the constellation has been established on the basis of the operational purposes required. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Indirect-approach method for specified-end points seismic ray tracing in three dimensional inhomogeneous media

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A quasi three-dimensional model for flow and transport in unsaturated and saturated zones: 1. Implementation of the quasi two-dimensional case

A quasi three-dimensional (QUASI 3-D) model is presented for simulating the subsurface water flow and solute transport in the unsaturated and in the saturated zones of soil. The model is based on the assumptions of vertical flow in the unsaturated zone and essentially horizontal groundwater flow. The 1-D Richards equation for the unsaturated zone is coupled at the phreatic surface with the 2-D flow equation for the saturated zone. The latter was obtained by averaging 3-D flow equation in the saturated zone over the aquifer thickness. Unlike the Boussinesq equation for a leaky-phreatic aquifer, the developed model does not contain a storage term with specific yield and a source term for natural replenishment. Instead it includes a water flux term at the phreatic surface through which the Richards equation is linked with the groundwater flow equation. The vertical water flux in the saturated zone is evaluated on the basis of the fluid mass balance equation while the horizontal fluxes, in that equation, are prescribed by Darcy law. A 3-D transport equation is used to simulate the solute migration. A numerical algorithm to solve the problem for the general quasi 3-D case was developed. The developed methodology was exemplified for the quasi 2-D cross-sectional case (QUASI2D). Simulations for three synthetic problems demonstrate good agreement between the results obtained by QUASI2D and two fully 2-D flow and transport codes (SUTRA and 2DSOIL). Yet, simulations with the QUASI2D code were several times faster than those by the SUTRA and the 2DSOIL codes.     

城市体检视角下城市治理现代化的新机制与路径

首先探索了城市体检治理的新模式,明确了涵盖“市?区?镇街?社区”不同尺度行政主体纵向传导、横向联动的规范化城市体检组织模式。其次,基于“指标设计?征求意见?指标筛选?指标确认”4个步骤完善城市体检指标体系,提出了数据收集的标准化、模块化工作思路。再次,城市体检的指标评价应坚持多维度、差异性、定量定性相结合等原则,以六维分析法为基础对城市问题进行识别与诊断。另外,城市体检的公众参与过程需要充分体现市民的知情权、参与权和监督权。城市政府需要搭建市民深度参与的常态化、共治型治理平台,各部门需要以问题为导向,开展协同式、全周期系统治理,最终推动建立全社会共建共治共享的常态化工作机制。     

多重相对定位法和波形相关校正及其应用

阐述了地震相对定位法的原理和方法，给出了Pg，Sg，P11，S11和Pn 5种震相的走时差方程．运用多重相对定位法和波形互相关技术，对1996年12月16日发生的顺义地震的余震震群进行重新定位，同时使用多种震相，对深度进行约束; 并对传统的绝对定位法、多重相对定位法和波形互相关技术的结果进行比较．      

土地利用转型--土地利用/覆被变化综合研究的新途径

该文简介弛土地利用转型这一新的土地利用／覆被变化（LUCC）综合研究途径，借鉴国外土地利用转型研究成果，结合我国国情，分析了在中国开展土地利用转型研究的局限性，并选取主要由于区域社会经济发展程度的差异而导致在同一时段内含有不同土地利用转型阶段的长江沿线样带为研究区，来开展中国的土地利用转型研究。     

如何应用Windows造字程序造字

Windows造字程序能很好地解决在Windows操作系统下运行的文字、表等处理软件如Word、Excel等中的生僻字问题,解决了没有配备大型字库和专业字库的广大办公人员的一个难题。但由于相关书籍鲜有介绍,该程序没有得到有效的应用。以“”字为例造字一般通过启动造字程序、选字代码、引用汉字、造字、保存、检查这几个步骤完成。