油气资源补充评价方法探讨

我国近海含油气盆地的勘探现状是油气普查阶段基本完成 ,但勘探程度差别较大。同一含油气盆地内 ,有利区带 (凹陷 )勘探程度较高 ,发现了相当数量的油气田和含油气构造 ,而油气条件较差的坳 (凹 )陷 ,勘探程度较低。当前油气资源补充评价的主要任务是在前人评价的基础上 ,如何通过勘探程度较高地区丰富的资料 ,用多种方法求取、验证评价关键参数 ,指导勘探程度低的地区油气资源评价 ,这就是本文的目的和要探讨的评价方法。     

Tomographic approach for gas hydrate investigation in Kerala-Konkan region,India

Seismic tomography is an effective means of estimating velocity and structure from multichannel seismic (MCS) reflection data. In this study we have followed a 2D approach to arrive at the probable velocity field configuration from multichannel seismic data and infer the presence of gas hydrates/free-gas in the offshore Kerala-Konkan region, along the eastern part of a seismic line on which a bottom simulating reflector (BSR) has previously been identified. Tomographic modeling consists of the identification of reflection phases and picking of respective travel times for various source-receiver positions. These picks were then utilized to arrive at a 2D velocity field following a forward and inversion approach using a ray tracing technique. The modeling for the first time brought out the finer scale velocity structure under the region of investigation. Modeling through the 2D approach shows lateral variation in velocity field along the studied segment of the seismic line. The results indicate a thin (∼50–60 m) sedimentary cover with velocity ranging from 1,770 to 1,850 m/s. A sedimentary layer with high P-wave velocity 1,980–2,100 m/s below the sea floor was interpreted as the hydrate layer. The thickness of this layer varies between 110 and 140 m. The hydrate layer is underlain by a low-velocity layer having velocities in the range 1,660–1,720 m/s. This low velocity may represent a free gas layer, whose thickness varies between 50 and 100 m located below the hydrated layer. The investigation suggests the occurrence of gas hydrate underlain by free gas in some parts of the Kerala-Konkan offshore region.     

A Finite-Difference Approach to the Time-Dependent Mild-Slope Equation

A finite-difference approach is used to develop a time-dependent mild-slope equation incorporating the effects of bottom dissipation and nonlinearity.The Euler predictor-corrector method and the three-point finite-difference method with varying spatial steps are adopted to discretize the time derivatives and the two-dimensional horizontal ones,respectively,thus leading both the time and spatial derivatives to the second-order accuracy.The boundary conditions for the present model are treated on the basis of the general conditions for open and fixed boundaries with an arbitrary reflection coefficient and phase shift.Both the linear and nonlinear versions of the numerical model are applied to the wave propagation and transformation over an elliptic shoal on a sloping beach,respectively,and the linear version is applied to the simulation of wave propagation in a fully open rectangular harbor.From comparison of numerical results with theoretical or experimental ones,it is found that they are in reasonable agreement.     

Mobile layer thickness in sheet flow beneath random waves

The erosion depth and the sheet flow layer thickness represent two characteristic parameters for transport processes in oscillatory sheet flow. Formulas for these parameters under regular waves have been applied to obtain characteristic statistical values under random waves. The applicability of the method for practical purposes is illustrated by two examples using data typical for field conditions at water depths of 70 m (Ekofisk location in the North Sea) and 15 m, respectively. Two fictive storms based on the Dohmen-Janssen and Hanes [Dohmen-Janssen, C.M., Hanes, D.M., 2005. Sheet flow and suspended sediment due to wave groups in a large wave flume. Cont. Shelf Res. 25, 333–347] data from large scale wave flume tests have also been utilized to demonstrate how the return period of the sheet flow layer thickness observed in their experiments can be estimated.     

On diffraction and radiation problem for two cylinders in water of finite depth

The hydrodynamic problem arising form the interaction of linear water waves with a wave energy device consisting of two coaxial vertical cylinders of different radii is investigated. One cylinder is riding in waves, while another is submerged in fluid. By use of the method of separation of variables and the method of matched eigenfunction expansion, analytical expressions for the potentials are obtained. Using the expressions for the potentials, analytical expressions for the hydrodynamic coefficients and exciting forces/moments on the device are obtained. Numerical results of the hydrodynamic coefficients and exciting forces/moments are presented for some ratios of the radius of the submerged cylinder to that of the riding one. It is found that the radius of the submerged cylinder has a significant influence on the hydrodynamic coefficients and exciting forces/moments for relatively bigger radius of the submerged cylinder at low frequencies.     

2005年青藏高原唐古拉地区地表能量收支状况分析

利用青藏高原唐古拉地区2005年涡动系统和10 m气象塔数据资料,计算分析了该地区地表能量收支状况.结果表明: 感热与潜热均有明显的季节变化特征,感热春季较大,夏季有下降趋势;潜热夏秋季节较大,冬春季节较小;净辐射在冬春季节主要转化为感热,夏秋季节转化为潜热,这些主要受季风、活动层冻、融过程及净辐射变化的影响.Bowen比夏秋季节平均为0.7,冬春季节平均为3.4,变化范围为-1.0～17.9.另外,研究显示降雨对感热、潜热通量影响较大.     

华南中生代变质核杂岩构造及其与岩石圈减薄机制的关系初探

变质核杂岩是岩石圈伸展减薄的典型构造形式,也是研究岩石圈减薄机制的"窗口"。在大量前人研究的基础上,对华南中生代岩石圈减薄的时间与机制和华南变质核杂岩的研究现状进行了综述。变质核杂岩是华南中生代岩石圈伸展与减薄的重要产物,它在华南地区的广泛出现为讨论岩石圈伸展与减薄作用提供了重要约束。同位素地质年代统计表明,华南地区变质核杂岩主体形成与剥露的峰期介于140~120Ma的早白垩世,它们的出现与华南大规模岩石圈减薄、岩浆活动及大规模成矿作用的时间非常吻合。本文还介绍了一些关于变质核杂岩和岩石圈减薄机制研究的最新进展,这些研究进展表明,加强对变质核杂岩等伸展构造的研究,对研究岩石圈板块演化的时间、机制、运动学,进而建立更加完善的岩石圈演化模型具有重要意义。