Test,analysis, and design of ovally-perforated vertically-flexible steel plate shear wall (OVSPW)

A new type of steel plate shear wall (SPSW) with oval-curved architectural openings and vertically flexible horizontal connection elements is proposed. The vertical flexibility of the wall accommodates the construction settlement introduced by column contraction under the dead loads of the upper stories and allows sequential installation from the lower stories. A quasi-static cyclic loading test and finite element (FE) analysis verified the stable seismic behaviors of the ovally-perforated vertically-flexible steel plate shear wall (OVSPW). The results of FE parametric analysis showed that an OVSPW with an appropriate thickness of boundary elements effectively accommodated the construction settlement that could lead to large in-plane compression for a conventional SPSW. The horizontal connection elements made of steel tubes realized the vertical stiffness of OVSPW to less than 2% of the original value without changing the lateral stiffness. New design equations of the OVSPW were derived through integral and extreme value solutions to predict the mechanical behavior of OVSPW.     

Investigating the applicability of a standardised growth curve approach on Middle Pleistocene sediments from northern Switzerland

The introduction of the Single Aliquot Regenerative Dose (SAR) protocol established luminescence dating as an indispensable tool in Quaternary research. A major impediment of this technique is the time required for measurements, since the protocol is repeated for various aliquots of each sample to establish a sound statistical basis. To reduce the demand on machine time, Standardised Growth Curve (SGC) approaches have been developed and successfully applied for samples from some regions. However, differences in luminescence properties require careful testing of this techniques when applied to samples with other geological background.In this study, the application of the SGC approach of Li et al. (2016) is successfully verified for multi-grain aliquots of coarse-grained quartz and feldspar samples from three sites in northern Switzerland. In-depth quality control measures ensure the reproducibility of equivalent dose (D_e) values obtained by the common SAR protocol and sample-specific SGCs. For both minerals little sensitivity was found to the re-normalisation dose and the sample-specific SGCs performed well. In contrast to other studies, no different types of dose response curve shape were observed for quartz. A minimum number of full SAR measurements of eight and six aliquots per sample has been found appropriate for quartz and feldspar, respectively. For the fading corrected feldspar signals, site-specific SGC worked well and D_e values of up to 800 Gy were consistently replicated.In summary, sample-specific SGCs for samples from northern Switzerland perform well and their application reduces measurement times by up to 70%. The construction of a regional SGC may well be beneficial, however, caution regarding the choice of given doses and curve fitting is recommended and a thorough verification of SGC results is needed before the technique is widely applied.     

东天山觉罗塔格构造带晚三叠世镁安山岩的厘定及其构造意义

新疆东天山地区印支期岩浆活动的岩石成因、源区性质及相关动力学背景一直是区域地质问题争论的焦点。对东天山构造带阿奇山安山岩开展岩石学、地球化学及锆石U-Pb-Hf系统研究,结果表明安山岩具斑状结构和气孔状构造,斑晶矿物主要为单斜辉石和斜长石,基质以针状斜长石微晶为主。锆石U-Pb定年结果表明镁安山岩喷发于235 Ma(晚三叠世),并含有石炭纪年龄的继承锆石。锆石Hf同位素分析显示岩浆期锆石具有低的ε_Hf(t)值(-31.7~-7.6)和古老的亏损地幔模式年龄(T_DM=2.2~0.7 Ga)。岩石地球化学特征显示样品为高MgO含量(3.7%~4.7%)和K₂O/Na₂O比值(0.6~1.1)及低TFeO/MgO比值(1.6~1.8)的高钾钙碱性镁安山岩。岩石地球化学特征结合区域构造-岩浆-成矿作用揭示阿奇山镁安山岩为板内伸展背景下含金云母的富集岩石圈地幔在较浅深度(<80 km)部分熔融的产物,且母岩浆混有古老地壳物质。晚三叠世阿奇山镁安山岩的厘定反映了该时期东天山地区处于岩石圈伸展-减薄阶段。     

Simulation of peri-urban growth dynamics using weights of evidence approach

The study aims to simulate the peri-urban growth dynamics in a growing region of India using Weights of Evidence (WOE) based cellular automata model. The growth process was expressed as a function of four causative variables corresponding to which seven data layers were generated in a Geographic Information Systems environment. The model was calibrated for the period 2000–2005 using Kappa indices and fuzzy set theory based two way comparison method. The Kappa value was 0.7, while the value of K_location and K_histo were 0.81 and 0.93, respectively. The fuzzy similarity values increased for small to large neighbourhood sizes which showed that the model was able to simulate the contiguous and dense growth. However, for dispersed and isolated growth the model showed less accuracy. The model was validated for period 2005–2010 and revealed a Kappa value of 0.88, while value of K_location and K_histo were 0.91 and 0.96, respectively.     

基于区域生长的遥感影像河流提取

通过对遥感影像中河流光谱特征的研究,提出了一种基于区域生长的遥感影像河流提取方法。该方法首先根据遥感影像生成灰度图像,选取河流生长初始区域,设置生长范围和生长阈值,通过区域生长得到河流边界,剔除河流内部"孤岛"并对边界细化,最后生成矢量文件。本文使用具有不规则河流边界的Landsat8遥感影像作为实验对象,验证方法的可行性和有效性。     

Return migration of 1.5 generation Korean New Zealanders: Short‐term and long‐term motives

Through in‐depth interviews and participant observation with 40 1.5 generation Korean New Zealander returnees, we explore life trajectories and identify both short‐ and long‐term reasons for return. Short‐term reasons for return include moving home when entering adulthood in order to begin a career, gaining new experiences and finding a future spouse. Longer term influences include the difficulties of living as minority‐status immigrants in the host society, transnational connections and a longing for a sense of ‘home’. Our consideration of longer term migration strategies sheds light upon the often forgotten difficulties and complexities that can underlie an individual's return.     

因子分析法在学生成绩评定中的应用

通过范例分析了学生成绩评定的一些常用的方法,简单介绍了因子分析法.运用SPSS软件中的因子分析方法,结合教育科学知识与数理统计的相关理论,对某大学某系的学生成绩进行因子分析,找出公共因子并解释,得出结论,评定学生成绩系统,阐明全面评定学生成绩的重要性.     

评价理论在刑事判决理由与结果中的应用——以刘涌案为例

评价理论是功能语言学对人际意义研究的新发展。通过对最高人民法院提审刘涌案后所作的刑事判决书的判决理由和判决结果部分进行态度研究,从法学角度阐述了最高人民法院对刘涌案改判的理由,并从语言学角度初步探讨了该理论对刑事判决理由与结果在写作上的积极意义。     

Large static problem in numerical limit analysis: A decomposition approach

A general decomposition approach for the static method of limit analysis is proposed. It is based on piecewise linear stress fields, on a partition into finite element sub‐problems and on a specific coordination of the subproblem stress fields through auxiliary interface problems. The final convex optimization problems are solved using nonlinear interior point programming methods. As validated for the compressed bar with Tresca/von Mises materials in plane strain, this method appears rapidly convergent, so that very large problems with millions of constraints and variables can be solved. Then the method is applied to the classical problem of the stability of a Tresca vertical cut: the static bound to the stability factor is improved to 3.7752, a value to be compared with the recent best upper bound 3.7776. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Adopting the downward approach in hydrological model development: the Bradford catchment case study

The paper presents the development of a lumped conceptual rainfall‐runoff model [Transformation of rainfall to runoff, Variability across timescales and Model parsimonization (TVM)] and a series of tests on various levels of model structure at different time resolutions. It is applied to the Bradford catchment in the United Kingdom. The TVM model is developed with a flexible structure through various relationships in each module that can be modified depending on the study catchments. Adopting the downward approach, parsimonious models are developed to examine at what level of complexity the model is able to capture runoff variability. The approach aims to compromise between parsimonious and complex alternatives in model development. This study shows that model structure requires data at different aggregation levels of timescales depending on its complexity. It reveals that the absence of the infiltration excess strongly affected all models. The analysis shows that the time resolution of hourly downwards must be used for the study catchment. The investigation of model complexity indicates that the combination of the most complicated model structure and timescale of quarter‐hourly is adequate to capture the catchment runoff characteristics. The downward approach in the TVM model helps to gain a deeper understanding of water balance and runoff process in the study catchment. The approach could be applicable to other catchments to obtain parsimonious models. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.