Distribution of phytoplankton community in relation to environmental parameters in cage culture area of Sepanggar Bay,Sabah, Malaysia

This paper covers spatial and temporal variation in phytoplankton communities and physico-chemical water properties in the cage culture area of Sepanggar Bay, Sabah, Malaysia based on field measurement conducted during July 2005 to January 2006 to study the spatial and temporal variation in phytoplankton communities and physico-chemical water properties of the bay. Phytoplankton samples and water parameters data were collected from five different stations located inside the bay during Southwest, Interseasonal and Northeast monsoons. Forty phytoplankton genera, representatives of 23 families, were found in the study area with a mean abundance of 1.55 ± 1.19 × 10⁶ cells L⁻¹. Most of these genera belong to diatoms (82.17%), Dinoflagellates (17.55%) and cyanobacteria (0.29%). Three genera were found to be dominant (>10%) in phytoplankton abundance and these were Coscinodiscus spp. (36.38%), Chaetoceros spp (17.65%) and Bacteriastrum spp. (10.98%). The most dominant genus was Coscinodiscus spp. which showed high abundance during all monsoons and stations (except Station 3). Among the seven environmental parameters tested in this study, water temperature, pH and suspended sediment concentration were found to be significantly different between monsoons. On the other hand, no significant differences were found between stations for the studied physico-chemical parameters. A clear differences in phytoplankton densities were observed between monsoons and stations with higher mean abundances during interseasonal monsoon (2.40 ± 1.37 × 10⁶ cells L⁻¹) and at station five (2.05 ± 0.74 × 10⁶ cells L⁻¹), respectively. Conversely, the diversity indices, both Shannon–Wiener (H^′)$\left(H^{\prime }\right)$ and Pielou (J^′)$\left(J^{\prime }\right)$, showed no significant difference throughout stations and monsoons (except (H^′)$\left(H^{\prime }\right)$ for monsoons). Analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) results demonstrated temporal differences in phytoplankton community structure with highly diverse phytoplankton assemblage. Through cluster analysis five groups of phytoplankton were attained (at 40% similarity level) though no marked separation of the taxonomic classes pointed towards the constant pattern of the phytoplankton assemblage in the studied area.     

Mapping benthic habitat in regions of gradational substrata: An automated approach utilising geophysical,geological, and biological relationships

The relationship between acoustic backscatter, sediment characteristics and benthic habitat is examined using high-resolution sidescan sonar data collected at the Loch Linnhe artificial reef site on the west coast of Scotland. The site is typical for the continental shelf of NW Europe, with a mix of seabed environments from muddy to coarse, stony substrata on a 10–100 m length scale. A sidescan sonar mosaic was produced and classified according to derived backscatter parameters (mean, median and standard deviation of the backscatter values) using an unsupervised classification procedure. The accuracy of the final classified map was assessed by comparison with a ground-truthing survey in which the biological habitat was derived from underwater video footage. The sidescan correctly predicted seabed surface characteristics of observed biological habitat with 78% accuracy. A second, and more challenging test of the acoustic data to correctly predict biological habitat was made by comparing it with data from 21 grab sampling stations. These stations were divided into three groups using multivariate statistical techniques based on their backscatter properties. Benthic assemblage structure was found to be significantly distinct between the high and low, and the medium and low backscatter stations. There was a low to moderate but significant correlation between the multivariate patterns of acoustic backscatter, benthic assemblage structure, and particle size distribution. The work shows that even in areas with subtle and gradational changes in substratum, the sidescan was able to predict biological community with an acceptable accuracy.     

矿产资源开发整合与区域矿业经济发展浅析——以潍坊市滨海新区卤水资源为例

对矿产资源开发进行整合是集中解决矿山布局不合理,实现规模化、集约化开发的重要手段,是调整矿业结构、促进矿业经济增长方式转变的有效途径。潍坊市滨海新区通过对卤水资源进行整合,初步实现了卤水资源的规模化开采和集约化经营,并在培育矿业龙头企业的基础上,注重矿业产业链的延伸和完整化,构建生态海洋化工产业集群,从而形成比较优势和核心竞争力,促进区域矿业经济发展。     

流体替代技术及应用分析

地震技术是研究隐蔽油气藏的关键技术。岩石物理是地震信号与储层性质之间的桥梁,它可以帮助我们更好的理解岩石和流体性质的地震响应。流体替代分析是岩石物理分析的重要部分,它是流体识别和储层定量研究的工具之一,在AVO分析中起了重要的作用。流体替代的理论基础是Gassmann方程。在岩石物理技术指导下,对某工区探井进行了流体替代分析,并根据替代后的结果分析了波阻抗随深度、岩性和含油气性变化的规律,同时根据替代结果进行了AVO正演研究,比较分析了储层中流体分别为盐水、气和油时的响应特征,并据此根据实际的部分叠加道集进行了烃类异常识别。     

现代测绘与数字地球──迎接21世纪的挑战

本文简要介绍了现代测绘性质、作用、地位及本学科的发展方向;较为详细叙述了现代测绘的主要技术的发展状况及 ３Ｓ集成的广阔应用前景;简述了数字地球的概念及其主要支撑技术、与现代测绘关系,及现代测绘的主要任务;在迎接２１世纪的挑战中,提出一些建议,供研究参考。     

区域一体化与制度距离作用下的中国企业跨境并购

在区域一体化蓬勃发展的背景下,研究企业跨境并购有助于更好地理解资本在区域间的流动。论文基于BVD-Zephyr数据库统计的2003—2017年中国企业跨境并购数据,分析了交易双方是否签订区域一体化协定和彼此间的制度距离对跨境并购成功率和交易金额的影响。通过Heckman两阶段回归,研究发现：① 区域一体化能够促进中国企业达成跨境并购交易,但不能提升交易金额;② 中国企业与正式制度距离远,即法律、规制层面差异大的国家内企业完成跨境并购的可能性更高,但正式制度距离的存在不利于交易规模扩大;③ 非正式制度距离与交易完成呈负相关关系,即文化层面上的差异过大不利于中国企业完成跨境并购。然而交易一旦完成,非正式制度距离大的贸易双方交易金额更高。此外,论文还认为,随着区域一体化进程的深化,内部成员国之间正式制度距离会衰减,其对交易规模的阻碍作用也会被削弱。     

震区植被恢复初期土壤理化性质与土壤呼吸间的关系

为了解地震灾区不同恢复方式下土壤理化性质和土壤呼吸间的关系,选取2种典型气候区(干旱河谷气候区与亚热带季风气候区)为研究区,设置人工恢复、未受损、自然恢复3种恢复方式的固定样地,定期测定土壤呼吸与土壤理化性质(有机碳、全氮、全磷、速效氮、有效磷、容重、孔隙度、电导率和pH值),并分析各因子间的相关关系。结果表明:气候类型显著影响土壤全氮、容重、孔隙度、电导率以及土壤呼吸,表现为干旱河谷气候区显著优于亚热带季风气候区;恢复方式显著影响土壤呼吸速率、有机碳、全氮、全磷、速效氮、有效磷含量、C:P、N:P、容重、孔隙度和电导率,基本表现为未受损样地优于人工恢复样地优于自然恢复样地;二者交互作用显著影响土壤呼吸、土壤物理性质和除全磷、有效磷外主要土壤养分的流失。两种气候区土壤呼吸的影响因子不同,干旱河谷气候区主要为土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、速效氮、pH值、容重和孔隙度,亚热带季风气候区主要为土壤有机质、全氮、速效氮、容重和孔隙度。本研究为评价和优化西南地区灾后恢复治理措施提供一定科学依据,对其生态安全维护和生态屏障建设提供帮助。     

国家统一的地理学解释——以东西德统一为例

国家的统一问题一直是关乎区域稳定发展、民族复兴乃至世界和平的大事,然而在地理学领域系统讨论该命题的研究尚不多见。事实上,地理学拥有比政治学和法学更为综合的理论分析体系,尤其是随着政治地理学的快速崛起,从地理学视角解析国家统一的发生机理和影响机制已经日渐成熟。本文从国家主权学说、地缘政治学、后殖民主义、新帝国主义等理论出发,试图构建“国家统一地理学”的分析框架,将国家统一分解为地缘政治重构、经济一体化和文化认同重建3个不同的阶段;并通过东西德国统一的案例分析,深入诠释了德国统一过程中政治版图和地缘格局变化,德国统一后漫长的经济一体化和原西德资本主义的野蛮扩张,以及由于长时间受到不同文化帝国主义渗透带来的民族身份认同分歧问题。德国案例很好地展示了从地理学视角探讨国家统一问题的优越性,同时德国的案例分析可为其他国家的统一问题提供参考与借鉴。     

国土空间规划:生态环境类单幅总图的研制

生态环境类单幅总图是国土空间规划编制的重要内容,是落实生态环境空间管控,促进生态环境与社会经济协调发展,实现一张蓝图干到底的重要支撑。探讨空间规划生态单幅总图和环境单幅总图的编制要点与技术方法,并以福建省为例,研制生态环境空间战略目标、空间结构与重点任务。在案例研究中,制定了福建省“三屏、六廊、十四片区”的生态安全格局建设方案,以及空间差异化的环境管控方案,并在空间上落实了生态环境治理的重点区域和重大生态环境治理工程。通过探讨生态环境类单幅总图编制与生态环境类专项规划的关系,阐明省级规划指导市、县等下层级空间规划生态环境单幅总图编制的原则与方法,是落实空间规划对生态环境保护空间指引的创新与实践。     

Distinguishing extensive and intensive properties for meaningful geocomputation and mapping

A most fundamental and far-reaching trait of geographic information is the distinction between extensive and intensive properties. In common understanding, originating in Physics and Chemistry, extensive properties increase with the size of their supporting objects, while intensive properties are independent of this size. It has long been recognized that the decision whether analytical and cartographic measures can be meaningfully applied depends on whether an attribute is considered intensive or extensive. For example, the choice of a map type as well as the application of basic geocomputational operations, such as spatial intersections, aggregations or algebraic operations such as sums and weighted averages, strongly depend on this semantic distinction. So far, however, the distinction can only be drawn in the head of an analyst. We still lack practical ways of automation for composing GIS workflows and to scale up mapping and geocomputation over many data sources, e.g. in statistical portals. In this article, we test a machine-learning model that is capable of labeling extensive/intensive region attributes with high accuracy based on simple characteristics extractable from geodata files. Furthermore, we propose an ontology pattern that captures central applicability constraints for automating data conversion and mapping using Semantic Web technology.