渤海海域黄河口南斜坡火山岩地层划分及意义

渤海海域黄河口南斜坡新生代火山岩规模大,喷发期次多,非均质性强,地震反射杂乱,地层划分对比难度大。为了厘定渤海海域黄河口南斜坡火山岩系地层层位,对研究区火山岩的岩石学特征及火山岩系夹层中的化石展开系统研究。薄片分析结果表明,渤海海域黄河口南斜坡火山岩主要分为火山熔岩和火山碎屑岩两大类,其中火山熔岩主要有杏仁状玄武岩、气孔玄武岩、致密玄武岩、辉绿岩以及角砾熔岩四种,火山碎屑岩以凝灰岩为主。结合渤海海域黄河口南斜坡火山岩中常见铁方解石、沸石、绿泥石等热水沉积矿物、部分玄武岩保存有淬碎结构、氧化系数(Fe2O3/FeO)低以及火山岩与黑色泥岩互层等四方面,证据证实研究区部分火山岩具有水下喷发特征。渤海海域黄河口南斜坡火山岩系夹层中发现了丰富的介形虫、藻类和孢粉化石,指示火山岩系上段为东营组二段沉积,火山岩系下段主体为东营组三段。根据化石的层位指示意义,明确黄河口南斜坡东营组三段沉积时期物源主要来自莱北低凸起的中生界和沙河街组一段地层。通过化石的古环境指示意义,对这套地层的形成过程进行恢复。这套地层层位的落实对明确黄河口南斜坡新生代油气成藏规律具有重要意义。     

专题地图图面要素自动配置方法的研究

实现地图图面要素配置的自动化是地图制图自动化中的一个重要部分,能够帮助制图人员提高制图效率。文中在分析国内外有关研究成果的基础上,利用地图图面配置规律和视觉平衡理论,提出一种自动搜寻地图图面要素合适位置的方法。该方法从专题地图生产的实际需要出发,考虑了纸张大小和地图比例尺等因素,用矩形框表示图面要素的大小和位置,简化设计过程。最后,在CorelDRAW环境下,利用VBA技术实现文中所提出的方法。该软件提供了多种地图图面要素配置模板供地图设计人员选择,能进行地图图面要素位置的自动冲突探测,可以为地图设计人员提供一个标准化地图图面配置模板。     

姑婆山复式岩体的基本特征及其与成矿作用的关系

姑婆山复式岩体由晚侏罗世里松岩体、姑婆山岩体及早白垩世新路岩体组成。复式岩体为壳幔混合源成因。据岩石地球化学判断和分析,姑婆山岩体和新路岩体为含锡岩体;整个姑婆山复式岩体为含钨岩体,里松岩体和姑婆山岩体为含稀有、稀土岩体。上述矿产的形成与岩石中挥发份F、B及放射性U、T h等元素的高含量有关。     

沧州区域深层地下水水质现状初步分析

沧州地处河北省东部,地表水资源比较匮乏,近几年降水量偏少,进入境内的河道径流逐年减少且污染严重。为支撑沧州经济的发展和生活的需要,只能开采深层地下水,尤其以开采深层地下水第III含水组为主。究竞沧州深层地下水的质量如何,成为各级领导和群众关注的焦点,根据近年来的实测资料,对第III含水组水质进行了系统分析,基本摸清了第III含水组地下水水质现状,更有利于对地下水的开发利用与保护。     

矢量地图数据数字水印抗拼接算法

地图拼接是矢量地图数据中的一种常见处理方式。为了正确提取水印信息,需要从拼接后的地图中确定出水印嵌入区域。利用水印嵌入后坐标点尾部数据分布发生变化的特点,提出了一种基于分布拟合检验的抗拼接算法。该算法利用四叉树算法将地图分成多个区域,然后利用单样本K-S检验判断每个区域内的坐标点尾部数据是否服从均匀分布,最终确定出水印嵌入区域。实验表明,该算法能够达到提取水印嵌入区域的目的。     

南黄海辐射沙洲主要潮沟的变迁

利用1966年和1977年海图、1995年和2000年合成孔径雷达影像,结合1980年以来的陆地卫星影像和2000年的岸滩实测剖面资料对南黄海辐射沙洲区主要潮沟的位置进行了解译与分析,得出上述4个时期研究区内主要潮沟深泓线位置图。对不同时期潮沟深泓线位置图进行几何校准与叠加,对比潮沟深泓线的迁移。结果表明：潮沟具有往返周期性摆动的特点,短期摆动速度明显快于长期摆动,主沟槽最大变动速度达127m／a,而支沟槽变动速度更大。潮沟摆动与沙洲变化有明显的相关性,但两者间的关系较为复杂。辐射沙洲目前处于破碎、萎缩阶段,除沙洲中心及陆岸岸滩仍有淤积外,大部分沙洲处于侵蚀状况,同时沙洲有整体向陆迁移的趋势。     

CHANGES OF RIVER BED PATTERN OF A LOWLAND RIVER: EFFECT OF NATURAL PROCESSES OR ANTHROPOGENIC INTERVENTION?

GPR and aerial surveys were conducted to study changes of channel pattern in the lower course of the Obra River (western Poland). The river is an example of an intensive anthropogenic transformation, however, the origin of the river pattern changes in its lower course is not obvious. The GPR measurements were done using a georadar MALÅ ProEx equipped with a shielded 250 MHz antenna. A 3D analysis of the GPR data supported with lithologic information indicated traces of a multi‐channel pattern. A variable orientation of sediment layering within channel bars and differences in channels depth and width pointed to changes of direction of the river bed migration. Analysis of aerial photographs and a satellite image indicated that only a few of the channels inferred from GPR could be discerned. The reason could be the more than 1 m thick fine sands layer covering all the alluvial structures. Analysis of historical maps from the eighteenth and the nineteenth centuries showed that 250 years ago the Obra was a meandering river. The maps illustrate also several meander cutoffs and decreased wetlands surface. The following transformations of the river bed pattern were discerned: 1. From braided to meandering channel pattern which could be a natural process caused by climatic and sediment transport rate changes that was also observed in case of other lowland rivers. 2. From meandering to sinuous pattern with channel islands and then to sinuous with oxbow lakes. However, further research is needed to study reasons and timing of the observed changes.     

Extending self-organizing maps for supervised classification of remotely sensed data

An extended self-organizing map for supervised classification is proposed in this paper. Unlike other traditional SOMs, the model has an input layer, a Kohonen layer, and an output layer. The number of neurons in the input layer depends on the dimensionality of input patterns. The number of neurons in the output layer equals the number of the desired classes. The number of neurons in the Kohonen layer may be a few to several thousands, which depends on the complexity of classification problems and the classification precision. Each training sample is expressed by a pair of vectors ： an input vector and a class codebook vector. When a training sample is input into the model, Kohonen＇s competitive learning rule is applied to selecting the winning neuron from the Kohouen layer and the weight coefficients connecting all the neurons in the input layer with both the winning neuron and its neighbors in the Kohonen layer are modified to be closer to the input vector, and those connecting all the neurons around the winning neuron within a certain diameter in the Kohonen layer with all the neurons in the output layer are adjusted to be closer to the class codebook vector. If the number of training sam- ples is sufficiently large and the learning epochs iterate enough times, the model will be able to serve as a supervised classifier. The model has been tentatively applied to the supervised classification of multispectral remotely sensed data. The author compared the performances of the extended SOM and BPN in remotely sensed data classification. The investigation manifests that the extended SOM is feasible for supervised classification.     

莺歌海盆地中央泥底辟带气田水地球化学特征及其油气地质意义

以莺歌海盆地东方区和乐东区气田水样品水化学常规分析为切入点,利用气田水矿化度、水型、钠氯系数(变质系数)、脱硫系数,氯镁系数等参数,深入分析了两区气田水地球化学特征及水化学组合参数特征,并判识对比了两区气藏封闭程度及其保存条件。在此基础上,结合莺歌海盆地天然气成藏地质条件,重点剖析了两区气田水分布规律及成因控制因素,探讨了两区气田水与天然气运聚成藏之间的成因联系。强调指出,两区气田水具有相似的形成演化特征,天然气保存条件好,但对比两区气田水的水化学组合参数,乐东区天然气保存条件稍差于东方区;东方区气田水以NaHCO3水型占绝对优势,其分布规律与断裂系统存在密切联系。该区水文地质开启程度差,气藏盖层封闭性好,有利于天然气富集成藏。乐东区气田水类型多样,成因复杂,天然气保存条件较好但相对东方区稍差。两区气田水具分区分块分布规律,莺歌海盆地泥底辟及其伴生热流体活动对气田水成因及分布规律与天然气运聚成藏等均具有重要控制作用和影响。     

古冲沟冲积扇体地震反射资料研究

利用地震资料研究古冲沟冲积扇体的反射特征、内部结构、剖面特征和分布特征等问题,研究结果为识别和确认古冲沟冲积扇体油气藏提供依据