Mineralogical controls on element dispersion in regolith over two mineralised shear zones near the Peak, Cobar, New South Wales

Effective exploration for polymetallic ore deposits in the Cobar region is hampered by incomplete knowledge of the mineralogical controls on element dispersion in the different regolith-landform settings throughout the area. A detailed mineralogical and geochemical study of regolith profiles over two major mineralised shear zones in a strongly weathered but dominantly erosional setting has delineated the important host minerals for a range of base metal cations. Iron oxides/oxyhydroxides, particularly goethite and to a much lesser extent hematite, are major hosts for Pb, Cu, and Zn as substituted/adsorbed cations and as constituents of associated or intergrown minerals, probably including members of the jarosite–alunite group. Correlations between elements and major regolith minerals suggest that goethite is also a host phase for As, Bi and Sb. Minor manganese minerals, including lithiophorite and cryptomelane group minerals, also host base metals in appreciable amounts. No clear association was found between gold and any particular secondary mineral. It is likely that gold is present largely as elemental gold particles associated with a range of minerals.Sampling strategies for geochemical exploration in variably leached and stripped regolith in the Cobar area should take into account the relative abundance of goethite and manganese oxides/oxyhydroxides within the profiles and overlying lag. Goethite would appear to be the preferred sampling medium for base metals. Highly ferruginous lag has a high proportion of hematite with variable maghemite and very low manganese oxide contents. Most of the base metal content in this surface material is strongly bound to the crystalline oxides/oxyhydroxides. More work is required to understand the effects of surface transformation of goethite to hematite and maghemite on the mobility and distribution of base metal cations in soil and ferruginous lags.     

伴随模式同化系统在修正模式误差中的应用研究

资料误差和模式误差都是制约数值预报结果准确性提高的关键因素,传统四维资料同化都是假设模式完全正确仅对初始资料进行修正,忽略了模式误差本身造成的预报误差。伴随模式同化系统不仅具有修正资料误差的能力,也可应用于修正模式误差方面的研究。本文将卫星中心导风系统提供的GMS5卫星风场与非常规温度资料用于MM5伴随同化系统修正模式地形误差进行试验性研究表明,该方法能够反演出一个既与初始气象要素场相匹配,又与模式更协调的地形场,得到比一般包络地形更好的效果,改善模式对强降水中心及降水区域的预报;数值试验结果还揭示模式误差对模式预报造成一定的影响,用伴随方法对观测资料进行修正的同时也对模式误差进行修正的方法是可行的。     

基于Argo浮标数据的水文特征三维可视化分析——以南大洋印度洋扇区为例

利用南大洋2009—2020年的Argo浮标温盐剖面数据,通过绘制温度和盐度空间分布图的定性分析以及三维聚类可视化分析等方法,揭示了南大洋印度洋扇区的多水团空间分布特征.结果表明,在60°S～67°S,60°E～80°E之间的海域,海水温度在-1.9～2.5℃之间,盐度在32～34.75 psu之间.整个研究区域海水温...     

基于VRML的地质3维模型可视化方法研究

虚拟现实建模语言(VRML)以其强大的3维建模功能、人机交互能力、跨平台以及强大的集成能力,有望成为构建地质体3维模型的一种新方法。本文采用虚拟现实建模语言(VRML)作为建模语言,探讨了VRML环境下实现地质体3维可视化的一般方法,结果表明:在达到同样良好的视觉效果的前提下,相较于底层开发语言,VRML具有几何原型模块化、包围盒检测模块化的特点,可视化方法简便,同时,VRML还具有低带宽可行性,方便地质3维模型的即时可视化与浏览;相较于专门的地质3维建模及分析工具软件,VRML具有可视化方法灵活,可视化成果可移植性好,且不受平台约束等特点,适用于钻孔数据、剖面数据等数据源的可视化需求,为实现地质体3维模型可视化提供了一条新的解决途径。     

Stereo topographic models of Mercury after three MESSENGER flybys

From photogrammetric analysis of stereo images of Mercury obtained during three MESSENGER flybys, we have produced three digital terrain models (DTMs) that have a grid spacing of 1 km and together cover 30% of the planet's surface. The terrain models provide a rich source of information on the morphology of Mercury's surface, including details of tectonic scarp systems as well as impact craters and basins. More than 400 craters larger than 15 km in diameter are included in the models. Additionally, the models provide important test cases for the analysis of stereo image data to be collected during MESSENGER's orbital mission phase. Small lateral offsets and differences in trends between stereo DTMs and laser altimeter profiles may be due to remaining errors in spacecraft position, instrument pointing, or Mercury coordinate knowledge. Such errors should be resolved during the orbital mission phase, when more joint analyses of data and detailed orbit modeling will be possible.     

Cartography-Oriented Design of 3D Geospatial Information Visualization – Overview and Techniques

In economy, society and personal life map-based interactive geospatial visualization becomes a natural element of a growing number of applications and systems. The visualization of 3D geospatial information, however, raises the question how to represent the information in an effective way. Considerable research has been done in technology-driven directions in the fields of cartography and computer graphics (e.g., design principles, visualization techniques). Here, non-photorealistic rendering (NPR) represents a promising visualization category – situated between both fields – that offers a large number of degrees for the cartography-oriented visual design of complex 2D and 3D geospatial information for a given application context. Still today, however, specifications and techniques for mapping cartographic design principles to the state-of-the-art rendering pipeline of 3D computer graphics remain to be explored. This paper revisits cartographic design principles for 3D geospatial visualization and introduces an extended 3D semiotic model that complies with the general, interactive visualization pipeline. Based on this model, we propose NPR techniques to interactively synthesize cartographic renditions of basic feature types, such as terrain, water, and buildings. In particular, it includes a novel iconification concept to seamlessly interpolate between photorealistic and cartographic representations of 3D landmarks. Our work concludes with a discussion of open challenges in this field of research, including topics, such as user interaction and evaluation.     

GIS地形分析模型库管理系统的设计与实现

GIS地形分析中模型数量庞大、存储样式多种多样,因此,实现对模型资源的有效管理是基于GIS进行地形分析的关键技术.文中通过对GIS地形分析模型库的研究,提出GIS地形分析模型库管理系统的设计思想和总体框架,并开发系统原型,提高模型的可重用性,基本满足GIS地形分析模型管理的需要.     

数字城市中3维城市模型构建技术研究

3维城市模型标准化的研究,尚未引起国内学者的注意,本文以3维城市模型为研究对象,分析了CityGML模型的概念,专题模型的构建方法,给出了构建的实例,相信对从事相关工作的同行有着重要的参考价值和借鉴意义。     

激光雷达地形资料用于河道输沙的研究

中国台湾地区位处亚热带地区,夏季受台风暴雨侵袭,加上位处板块运动活跃处,造成地形变化较大,尤其在台风暴雨后河道地形都会产生很大的变化;目前航空激光雷达地形数据,分辨率较高、精度、便利性,并可以滤除建筑物与树木遮蔽,还原原始地面形貌,符合地质与地形分析研究的需要。2008年兰阳溪地区经历海鸥(KALMAEGI)、凤凰(FUNG-WONG)、森拉克(SINLAKU)、蔷薇(JANGMI)等4次重大台风事件,河床地形变化甚剧,因此本研究利用两次航空激光雷达测量地形数据,分析比较台风前后河床地形以及河道输沙的变化。研究成果首次展示空载激光雷达系统,在大流域面积测量河道地形应用效果显著,于台风季节前后产制不同时期的数值地形数据,并应用高程差值的地形计量方法,计算在台风季节前后河道地形的变化,研究结果显示空载激光雷达高解析数值地形模型数据,应用在河道地形变迁与沉积物体积变化量计算,可以得到极佳的成果。     

外存大规模地形实时动态绘制算法

本文结合视点相关的层次细节技术、可见性剔除技术以及多线程技术等,提出一种基于外存中大规模地形实时动态绘制算法。在将原始DEM数据分割成多块标准化地形块的前提下,调度线程根据视景体顶点移动情况预测后续绘制所需地形并将其从外存预先加载到内存;绘制线程主要借助动态四叉树结构、标识矩阵、裁剪视景体来实现地形的多分辨率网格模型快速生成。实验表明,算法能够在普通PC机上实现大规模地形的实时绘制和漫游。