地质三维属性建模及其可视化

从运畴学的角度出发,提出了基于带权线性规划的方法拟合变差函数,有效地保证了求解结果的非负性。将样本点建立空间三维网格索引,大大简化了待插点邻域样本的搜索过程,提高了Kriging属性建模的速度。最后结合OpenGL图形库,实现了属性模型的三维可视化,从而有效地实现了地质信息的定量化。     

北大别片麻岩的锆石U—Pb年龄离子探针测定及其地质意义

本文对北大别西部的湖北英山万家老屋、罗田七道河尹家店和安徽金寨丁埠乡李集3个片麻岩样品中锆石进行了BSE显微结构分析，并在此基础上对锆石进行了离子探针U－Pb年龄测定。结果表明北大别存在两种类型的片麻岩，它们的原岩分别形成于晋宁期和燕山期，其中英山万家老屋片麻岩的形成年龄为794Ma，后期地质事件对其锆石U－Pb年龄造成的影响较小；七道河尹家店片麻岩的形成年龄为730Ma，并可能受到燕山期岩浆事件的影响，得到了140Ma左右的变质年龄；丁埠乡李集片麻岩的形成年龄为140Ma。结合已有的年代学结果，北大别地体广泛存在晋宁期的岩浆事件，表明其可能为扬子板块的北缘。     

润扬长江公路大桥三维地质分析

该文从三维地质建模的概念出发,探讨了其一般过程,包括地质变量预测、地质特征解译、空间分析等,并介绍了三维地质建模的体视化方法,最后以润扬长江公路大桥工程为例,运用切片级重建方法,建立地质模型,并进行了三维地质分析.实践表明,三维地质建模技术是认识复杂地质体的空间关系和特征的强有力的工具,具有广阔的应用前景.     

Current Trends and Demands in Visualization in the Geosciences

Geosciences, along with many other disciplines in science and engineering, faces an exponential increase in the amount of data generated from observation, experiment and large-scale, high-resolution 3-D numerical simulations. In this communication we describe the fundamentals of visualization necessary to meet these challenges. We present several alternative methodologies such as 2D/3D feature extraction, segmentation methods, and flow topology, to help better understand the physical structure of the data. We use AMIRA from TGS to demonstrate our concepts. Examples are drawn from fields in computational fluid dynamics, 3-D mantle convection and seismic tomography. Finally, we present our perspective on the future of visualization.     

Hydrogeologic framework of the Deccan terrain of the Koyna River basin, India

The Koyna River basin in India drew the attention of geoscientists after an earthquake (magnitude 7) in 1967. Since then, detailed geological, tectonic, and seismic investigations of this river basin have been carried out by several workers. However, very little study has been done on its hydrogeological framework. The present work aims at filling this gap. Basalts, laterites, alluvium, soils, and talus deposits form shallow unconfined aquifers, with transmissivity of 27–135 m²/d and a regional specific yield of 0.012. In shallow basaltic aquifers, the lower part of the highly weathered and highly jointed horizon above, and the poorly weathered and highly jointed horizon below, form the most potential zone for groundwater occurrence. Well yields in the deeper basaltic aquifers are directly related to the occurrence of lineaments, whereas at a shallower level they are related to geomorphic features. Spring discharges are highly dependent on their source aquifers and areas of recharge. They have a mean winter discharge of 46 m³/d and a summer discharge of 28 m³/d. Chemically, groundwaters are dominated by alkaline earths (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺) and weak acids (HCO₃ ^–, CO₃ ^–); they are calcium-bicarbonate type (53%) and calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate type (27%) at shallower levels; and calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate type (29%), sodium-bicarbonate type (24%), calcium-bicarbonate type (19%), and calcium-magnesium-sodium-bicarbonate type (19%) in deeper aquifers. The Koyna River basin is characterized by both scarcity and abundance of groundwater. In the water-scarce areas in the dissected plateaus, artificial recharge of aquifers through construction of several recharge structures at suitable locations is highly recommended. In the water-abundant areas in the central valley, on the other hand, expanded consumptive use of water resources is encouraged. Electronic Publication     

岩体结构三维可视化模型研究进展

三维可视化研究是当前数学地质、石油物探、化探、水电勘察、地质灾害勘察与治理等研究的前沿和热点，也是快速、及时地再现地质体三维信息及综合分析的有效途径。三维可视化模型技术在相关行业的发展状况和软件开发程度不一，岩土工程领域岩体结构三维软件的开发和利用水平远低于石油地质和石油物探，在国内开发大型岩体结构三维可视化和分析软件系统是必要的。     

GIS中的地形可视化与地形模型简化

地形可视化是一门以研究数字地形模型或数字高程域的显示、简化、仿真等内容的学科 ,属于计算机图形学的一个分支。GIS中的地形可视化有助于用户对空间数据相互关系以及分析结果的直观理解。文中分析了GIS中地形建模的基本问题 ,研究了地形模型简化与多分辨率地形模型的发展     

直升机机降地域的地形分析

从直升机机降时的实际情况出发 ,研究了直升机对机降场地地形的需求 ;提出了利用数字地图为直升机选择机降场地和航线的一些可行的方法     

Fitness spaces and their potential for visualizing change in the physical landscape

The use of the metaphors of general fitness and N-K spaces can assist in the understanding of the development of the physical landscape. Different modes of change can be viewed as different types of movement in, and distortions of, these phase spaces. Visualized in this manner landscape change can be viewed as both channelized, constrained and random.     

Evaluation on the accuracy of digital elevation models

There is a growing interest in investigating the accuracy of digital elevation model (DEM). However people usually have an unbalanced view on DEM errors. They emphasize DEM sampling errors, but ignore the impact of DEM resolution and terrain roughness on the accuracy of terrain representation. This research puts forward the concept of DEM terrain representation error (Et) and then investigates the generation, factors, measurement and simulation of DEM terrain representation errors. A multi-resolution and multi-relief comparative approach is used as the major methodology in this research. The experiment reveals a quantitative relationship between the error and the variation of resolution and terrain roughness at a global level. Root mean square error (RMS Et) is regressed against surface profile curvature (V) and DEM resolution (R) at 10 resolution levels. It is found that the RMS Et may be expressed as RMS Et = (0.0061 × V+ 0.0052) × R - 0.022 × V + 0.2415. This result may be very useful in forecasting DEM accuracy, as well as in determining the DEM resolution related to the accuracy requirement of particular application.