多波束测深技术在海底管道检测中的应用

为查明海底管道的位置和掩埋状态,在海底管道检测中使用多波束测深技术。介绍了多波束的系统组成、调查方法和数据处理等内容。重点对数据处理进行了论述,提出了确定海底管道位置和掩埋状态的分析方法,并对影响多波束检测效果的频率、波束角和水深等因素进行了探讨。通过分析认为,与单波束相比,多波束在海底管道检测中具有直观、高效和高分辨率的特点,具有较好的工程应用前景。     

Oracle 10g模型数据的一种可视化方法

将O rac le 10g拓扑数据模型数据分为可直接可视化的数据和不可直接可视化的数据,分别叙述了基于M apX/M apX trem e对两类数据实现可视化的方法,其中对前者的实现方法不适用于后者,但对后者的实现方法能适用于前者。在可视化过程中不必考虑不可转换的O rac le对象问题。本文叙述的可视化实现方法,可为其他G IS软件平台对模型数据可视化的实现提供一定的参考。     

复杂地形下地面观测资料同化III. 两种解决模式地形与观测站地形高度差异方法的对比分析

模式地形与观测站地形高度差异是地面资料同化方案设计中的一大难点。本文通过个例和单点试验对第I和第II部分 (徐枝芳等, 2007a, 2007b) 中涉及的两种解决模式地形与观测站地形高度差异的地面资料同化方法 (即增加温度地形代表性误差和温度订正方法) 进行对比分析, 并将这两种方法应用于WRF_3DVAR, 进行3个月的连续数值试验。研究结果表明: 随着地形高度差异的增加, 采用增加观测误差方法得到的估计值向其它资料同化分析值 (背景场值) 靠近, 在一定的高度差异下则失去了同化分析地面资料的意义; 温度订正方法对温度递减率的取值较为敏感, 在有探空资料参与同化分析时, 温度递减率取值敏感性相对减弱。当采用的订正值较为准确时, 采用温度订正方法较增加观测误差方法能更好地处理两种地形高度差异, 地面资料信息应用更充分, 得到的估计值最有可能接近真实值。当模式地形与观测站地形高度差异较小 (小于100 m) 时, 两种解决模式地形与观测站地形高度差异的方法达到的效果基本一致。单点及个例试验表明, 有探空资料等高质量观测参与同化分析时, 采用增加观测误差方法得到分析场更接近真实场。三个月连续试验也表明有探空资料参与同化分析时, 采用增加观测误差方法比温度订正法改进的郭永润同化方案 (Guo et al., 2002) 同化地面资料效果好, 且加入地面资料同化对所有量级降水预报都有所改善。当地面资料同化方案没处理好时, 加入地面资料同化的效果反而不如不加地面资料同化。     

Quantifying geological structures of the Nigde province in central Anatolia,Turkey using SRTM DEM data

A digital terrain model and a 3D fly-through model of the Nigde province in central Anatolia, Turkey were generated and quantitatively analyzed employing the shuttle radar topographic mission (SRTM) digital elevation model (DEM). Besides, stream drainage patterns, lineaments and structural–geological features were extracted and analyzed. In the process of analyzing and interpreting the DEM for landforms, criteria such as color and color tones (attributes of heights), topography (shaded DEM and 3D fly-through model) and stream drainage patterns were employed to acquire geo-information about the land, such as hydrologic, geomorphologic, topographic and tectonic structures. In this study, the SRTM DEM data of the study region were experimentally used for both DEM classification and quantitative analysis of the digital terrain model. The results of the DEM classification are: (1) low plain including the plains of Bor and Altunhisar (20.7%); (2) high plain including the Misli (Konakli) plain (28.8%); (3) plateau plain including the Melendiz (Ciftlik) plateau plain (1.0%); (4) mountain including the Nigde massif (33.3%); and (5) high mountain (16.2%). High mountain areas include a caldera complex of Mt Melendiz, Mt Hasan and Mt Pozanti apart from the Ala mountains called Aladaglar and the Bolkar mountains called Bolkarlar in the study region (7,312 km²). Analysis of both the stream drainage patterns and the lineaments revealed that the Nigde province has a valley zone called Karasu valley zone (KVZ) or Nigde valley zone (NVZ), where settlements and agricultural plains, particularly the Bor plain in addition to settlements of the Bor town and the central city of Nigde have the most flooding risk when a heavy raining occurs. The study revealed that the NVZ diagonally divides the study region roughly into two equal parts, heading from northeast to southwest. According to the map created in this study, the right side of the NVZ has more mountainous area, where the Aladaglar is a wildlife national park consisting of many species of fauna and flora whereas the left side of the NVZ has more agricultural plain, with exception of a caldera complex of Mt Melendiz and volcanic Mt Hasan. The south of the study region includes the Bolkarlar. In addition, the Ecemis fault zone (EFZ) lying along the Ecemis rivulet, running from north to south at the west side of the Aladaglar, forms the most important and sensitive location in the region in terms of the tectonics.     

国产资源三号测绘卫星DSM数据质量评价--以高海拔山区为例

为了评价国产资源三号测绘卫星DSM数据精度,在顾及地貌类型的情况下,以涵盖平原、台地、丘陵等地貌的高海拔山区为研究案例,并以1∶1万实测地形图DEM为假定真值,以90m分辨率SRTM DEM为评价参照,从高程精度和地形描述精度两个方面,对15m分辨率ZY-3DSM进行精度评价分析。研究结果表明:ZY-3DSM高程精度优于SRTM DEM,前者高程中误差仅为后者的1/6;就地形描述精度来讲,ZY-3DSM与SRTM DEM相比,其地形描述精度更接近理论值,前者RMS Et实际值仅为理论值0.99倍,而后者的实际值却是理论值5.13倍。由此看来,ZY-3DSM数据精度整体上高于SRTM DEM。     

大地电磁场三维地形影响的矢量有限元数值模拟

地形对大地电磁场的影响规律研究对于实际大地电磁测深反演解释具有重要的意义。基于矢量有限元法进行了大地电磁三维地形响应数值模拟。首先与二维地形模拟结果比较,验证了算法的正确性;接着,分别对1个山峰地形和1个山谷地形进行了模拟;最后,比较了二维模拟与三维模拟结果。结果表明：三维阻抗张量的Z_xy模式和Z_yx模式都会受到地形影响;用二维地形模拟结果去近似三维地形响应,二维TE模式与真实三维响应结果差别很大,TM模式接近真实三维响应结果;如采用二维反演处理带地形的三维MT数据,TM极化模式反演更为合理。     

应用地理信息数据构建立体显示

本文结合人眼立体视觉原理与摄影测量理论及计算机图形学的三维可视化理论分析了立体显示与量测的实现原理,并结合C++语言、OpenGL、DirectX图形库进行了验证,并取得了一些效果,为地理信息数据拓展服务提供了一些尝试。     

A NUMERICAL EXPERIMENT WITH THE EFFECT OF A COMPLICATED TERRAIN ON THE MESOSCALE SYSTEMS*

Improvement in two aspects is done of the one-level mesoscale numerical model of Mass et al.(1985) and the revised model is used to make a simulation of a severe convective weather process in North China,with the result showing the pronounced effects of the topography upon the mesoscale systems.     

基于DEM栅格数据结构的三维空间点交互选取方法

在OpenGL、Java3D等传统的三维建模语言中有多种三维坐标提取的算法,但应用到三维地形时这些算法的速度太慢,不能满足人机交互的需求。本文研究了点取射线与DEM模型的空间特性,提出并实现了一种基于Java3D的规则网格DEM鼠标提取坐标算法,该算法在利用了规则网格DEM模型特征的基础上,利用点取射线与DEM网格在水平面投影上的相交性进行点取网格搜索,实现了三维坐标的点取。通过实验表明,该算法与三维场景中通常所用的空间点取算法相比,在不降低点取精度的基础上对点取速度有了明显的改进,从而满足了在DEM场景中进行三维交互的需要。     

Effects of Bathymetric Grid-Cell Sizes on Habitat Suitability Analysis of Cold-water Gorgonian Corals on Seamounts

We investigated the effects of the spatial resolution of bathymetry data on the predicted local distribution of large gorgonian corals on the southern Emperor Seamounts in the high seas of North Pacific. Terrain attributes were calculated from bathymetric survey data at six different grid-cell sizes (25–800 m) to investigate how the values of bottom terrain attributes and the prediction of MaxEnt habitat suitability models would vary with grid-cell size. The values of each terrain attribute showed different patterns among different grid-cell sizes, and MaxEnt demonstrated better performance at grid-cell size of 100 m or less than at larger sizes.