青海高原太阳辐射时空分布特征

对西宁莫家泉湾和玉树辐射观测站的资料分别进行了订正和插补,对青海省太阳辐射的空间分布、年际变化进行了系统研究。结果表明：青海省年总辐射量高,总的分布趋势西高东低;20世纪70年代是总辐射高值时期,而80年代处于明显的低值时期,80年代末期至90年代初期有所回升,但90年代中期后处于下降状态。70年代的高值期和80年代低值期的出现与该时段青海省云雨状况和全球重大火山喷发事件密切相关,火山喷发是导致80年代总辐射量减少的重要原因。     

济南市长清区2011—2020年土地利用变化时空分异特征及其成因

研究城市土地利用时空变化特征及驱动因素对城市促进合理利用土地资源、生态—社会—经济可持续发展具有重要意义。本研究运用ArcGIS定量提取土地利用数据,建立土地利用变化幅度模型和土地利用变化程度模型,分析长清区2011—2020年土地利用时空变化特征;选取8个社会经济驱动因子,利用皮尔逊相关系数法研究土地利用变化的社会经济驱动机制。结果表明,2017年后长清区土地利用处于调整阶段,应优化土地利用规划,提升土地利用社会—经济—生态综合效益。     

Effects of Interpolation Errors on the Analysis of DEMs

A suite of methods to interpolate a digital elevation model from a ground survey was evaluated with respect to precision and ability to maintain the shape of the original height data. This shape reliability was evaluated by comparing the spatial patterns of secondary terrain parameters derived from the interpolated elevation data. The best interpolation method for this study area was found to be a spline interpolation, which is somewhat contradictory to findings in the literature. The error and uncertainty found in the results for terrain analysis and modelling tools is important and sometimes distressingly high, even for some frequently used local or context operations on altitude. Positional operations, in which the output is determined more by the position in the topographic structure, seem to give more reliable results. Therefore, the results obtained by terrain analysis and spatial modelling need careful interpretation. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WATER QUALITY AND GROUNDWATER FLOW DYNAMICS IN A SMALL WETLAND SYSTEM ALONG A SANDY HILL RIDGE

Detailed modelling of the hydrological setting of fen meadows appears to be possible provided that detailed information on geomorphology, hydrochemistry and piezometric heads is available for a number of years. In the Laegieskamp, a small wetland reserve located in the central part of The Netherlands, a piezometric monitoring network was sampled for water quality analysis and piezometric heads between 1986 and 1992. Average yearly discharge and recharge periods were used for FLOWNET calculations. First, the models were used to determine, with the help of information on water quality, the hydrological systems in the study area. Secondly, they were used to define the present and past hydrological setting of a fen meadow in the reserve. The hydrological systems and water quality in the study area have changed considerably over the past 65 years. At present the fen meadow is mainly fed by precipitation. The mineral-rich conditions favouring the fen meadow vegetation are thought to be maintained thanks to a clayey peat layer and an oscillating shallow water body that prevents rapid leaching of minerals. The sulphate content in the fen exhibits a pattern of temporal variation, which is related to the severity of the annual drought. Our study showed that groundwater flow is mainly lateral, instead of the assumed vertical infiltration of groundwater in previous regional studies. This led us to the conclusion that conservation and restoration perspectives are much better than previously expected. The polluted middle, deep groundwater is not a major threat to this fen at the moment. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

多粒度时空对象组成结构表达研究

全空间信息系统、智慧城市的构建,需要将地理实体抽象成时空对象,而时空对象的多粒度性,体现在时空对象具有多尺度、多维度、多层次的特点.如何在当今海量数据中,对多粒度时空对象的信息进行有序组织成为时空对象研究中的难点.本文基于面向对象的思想,提出了一套时空对象组成的表达与操作方法,为时空对象信息的有序组织提供了新思路.该方...     

基于街景影像的城市道路空间舒适度研究

城市道路空间舒适度是综合刻画城市道路环境的量化指标之一,可为城市道路规划建设、城市交通优化、城市环境评估等提供参考.本文以街景影像为基础数据,从空间视角阐述了城市道路空间舒适度内涵,构建了城市道路空间舒适度量化指标,建立了以语义分割和等距采样为基础的城市道路空间舒适度测度方法和空间插值方法,最后以南京市局部城区为样区进...     

华东地区地面和高空风场的多模式集成精细化预报研究

基于欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, ECMWF)、中国国家气象中心业务运行的中尺度数值预报系统(Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction Enhanced System Meso, GRAPES-Meso)、美国国家环境预报中心(National Centers for Environmental Prediction, NCEP)的全球预报系统(Global Forecast System, GFS)、GRAPES全球预报系统(GRAPES-GFS)4个模式风场预报资料,利用双线性、反距离加权、三次样条、克里格等插值方法对华东及周边地区(110°～130°E,20°～40°N)2020年1—4月逐日地面和高空风0～72 h集合预报资料进行降尺度处理,得到满足机场及终端区气象保障的精细化风场预报。此外,还对精细化风场预报做多模式集成。结果表明,对于风场的精细化格点预报,反距离加权插值方法误差最小,为最优水平插值方法。基于扩展复卡尔曼滤波的多模式集成...     

1960—2012年中国东部冬季风时期极端降温事件的时空特征

利用1960-2013年中国753个站逐日日平均气温资料,对中国东部冬季风时期极端降温事件进行了定义,并研究了近53 a中国东部冬季风时期极端降温事件的时空特征。结果发现,极端降温事件发生最频繁的地区位于东北南部、华北大部分地区和华中北部,华中南部则较少发生。过去的53个冬季风时期,中国东部极端降温事件普遍减少,且东北南部、华北南部和东部、华中北部以及华东北部的减少趋势最为明显,减小幅度可达0.4~0.8次/（10 a）。此外,东北、华北和华中的极端降温事件发生频次分别在1980、1973、1969年出现了由多到少的突变。极端降温事件的强度也存在空间差异,其平均强度从北到南呈现出强-弱-较强的特点。     

基于智能网格降水产品的降尺度释用技术研究

利用空间分辨率为5km的广西智能网格降雨量预报产品以及桂南区域自动气象站降雨量实况资料,采用最邻近点法、双线性插值、双三次插值和统计降尺度方法,研究和评估空间分辨率在1km的格点降雨量插值预报释用技术.结果表明:(1)对于分辨率较高的智能网格预报产品,最邻近点法、双线性插值和双三次插值的预报效果无明显差异,其中最邻近点...     

Taxonomic composition,abundance and biomass of mesozooplankton in the Zhelin Bay-an estuary with intensive aquaculture

1 IntroductionMesozooplankton (0.2 ~20 mm) are hetero-trophic animals that inhabit almost every type of ma-rine environment (Goswami and Padmavati, 1996;Uye et al., 1996). They are major secondary pro-ducers, grazing on phytoplankton and providing foodfor…