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981.
Y. ?KudohEmail author T. ?Kuribayashi A. ?Suzuki E. ?Ohtani T. ?Kamada 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2004,31(6):360-364
The space group and hydrogen positions of -(Al0.84Mg0.07Si0.09)OOH are investigated using a single crystal synthesized using a multi-anvil apparatus under conditions of 1000 °C and 21 GPa. The space group determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction is to Pnn2, with unit-cell parameters of a=4.6975(8) Å, b= 4.2060(6) Å, c=2.8327(4) Å, and V=55.97(1) Å3. Partial occupancy of the Al site by Mg and Si suggests the possibility of a limited solid solution between -AlOOH, stishovite, and a hypothetical CaCl2-type Mg(OH)2 that is 16% denser than brucite. Difference-Fourier maps reveal two small but significant Fourier peaks attributable to hydrogen atoms. Atomic distances and angles around the first peak indicate a hydrogen bond with O···O distances of 2.511 Å, while those around the second peak are suggestive of a bifurcated hydrogen bond with O···O distances of 2.743 and 2.743 Å. 相似文献
982.
Influence of Heterogeneity of Mechanical Properties on Hydraulic Fracturing in Permeable Rocks 总被引:11,自引:4,他引:7
T. H. Yang L. G. Tham C. A. Tang Z. Z. Liang Y. Tsui 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2004,37(4):251-275
Summary Numerical simulations of circular holes under internal hydraulic pressure are carried out to investigate the hydraulic fracture initiation, propagation and breakdown behavior in rocks. The hydraulic pressure increases at a constant rate. The heterogeneity of the rocks is taken into account in the study by varying the homogeneity index. In addition, the permeability is varied with the states of stress and fracture. The simulations are conducted by using a finite element code, F-RFPA2D, which couples the flow, stress and damage analyses. The simulation results suggest that the fracture initiation and propagation, the roughness of the fracture path and the breakdown pressure are influenced considerably by the heterogeneity of rocks. The hole diameter elongation and the stress field evolution around the fracture tip during the fracture propagation can also provide useful information for the interpretation of the hydraulic fracturing behaviour. 相似文献
983.
This study deals with the methodical aspects of k
–2(Bernard et al., 1996) kinematic strong motions modelling: (1) it is shown how to incorporate the k-dependent rise time for 2D fault geometry in the strong motion synthesis according to the representation theorem, (2) it is suggested how to produce realistic k
–2 slip models including asperity(ies), (3) modifications are introduced concerning the typeof used slip velocity function and the corner wave number in the slip distribution. High frequency effects of these generalized models are discussed.It is shown that, assuming the rise time proportional to the spatial slip wavelength at high wave numbers, the spectral decay of displacement at frequencies higher than the corner frequency is given just by the decay ofthe slip distribution spectrum, regardless of the type of slip velocity function. It is shown numerically that this model provides -squared source spectrum even in a vicinity of a 2D normal fault buried in 1D structure, which is an agreement with previous studies. 相似文献
984.
The aim of this paper is to study the vadose zone dynamics during a hydrological cycle. The application of the Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) method to determine the water content of porous rock has been widely investigated. More than 657 point measurements of rock water content observed during a hydrological cycle and distributed among three abandoned underground quarries in Gironde, France show a permanently undersaturated limestone. Two periods of maximum water content correspond to two occurring effective precipitations. The dephasing and amplitude attenuation of the hydraulic wave with the depth can be modelled and explained by the physical properties of the porous medium. Maps of the spatial distribution of water content show the heterogeneity of water flow in a vadose zone. 相似文献
985.
数控技术的广泛应用使制造业发生了根本性的变革。我国要成为“世界工厂” ,需要培养数十万数控技术应用领域的操作人员、编程人员和维修人员。目前 ,在经济发达的珠三角地区的各类企业中 ,已普遍使用数控设备进行生产 ,而数控方面的技术人才却极其缺乏。因此 ,为社会培养大批能熟练掌握数控技术的技能型人才 ,已成为广东省有关高校所面临的紧迫任务。以数控技术教育为切入点 ,结合我校成人教育机电专科数控专业的教学改革 ,提出了培养技能型实用人才的课程体系和人才培养模式。 相似文献
986.
987.
H.?Liu W. A.?Caldwell L. R.?Benedetti W.?Panero R.?JeanlozEmail author 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2003,30(9):582-588
The high-pressure behavior of -Fe2O3 has been studied under static compression up to 60 GPa, using a laser-heated diamond anvil cell. Synchrotron-based angular-dispersive X-ray diffraction shows that the sample remains in the corundum structure up to 50 GPa, but with the appearance of coexisting diffraction lines from a high-pressure phase at pressures above 45 GPa. A least-squares fit of low-pressure phase data to an Eulerian finite-strain equation of state yields linear incompressibilities of K
a
0=749.5 (± 18.4) GPa and K
c
0= 455.7 (± 21.4) GPa, differing by a factor of 1.6 along the two directions. The enhanced compressibility of the c axis may lead to breaking of vertex- or edge-sharing bonds between octahedra, inducing the high-pressure phase transformation at 50 GPa. Analysis of linear compressibilities suggests that the high-pressure phase above 50 GPa is of the Rh2O3 (II) structure. Continuous laser heating reveals a new structural phase transformation of -Fe2O3 at 22 GPa, to an orthorhombic structure with a=7.305(3) Å, b=7.850(3) Å, and c=12.877(14) Å, different from the Rh2O3 (II) structure. 相似文献
988.
M.?ZhangEmail author H.?Xu E. K. H.?Salje P. J.?Heaney 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2003,30(8):457-462
The structural behavior of -eucryptite (LiAlSiO4) has been investigated using infrared (IR) spectroscopy over a temperature range of 20 to 900 K and FT-Raman spectroscopy at room temperature. IR reflectance measurements show that -eucryptite possesses high reflectivity in the far-IR region, as is consistent with its reported superionic conductivity along the c-axis. On heating, the Li-related IR bands near 246 and 300 cm–1 (with A2 symmetry) broadened and weakened dramatically, presumably as a result of Li+ positional disordering along the structural channels parallel to c. The disordering process appears to induce a framework distortion, as is evidenced by the broadening of some vibrations of Si(Al)–O with increasing temperature. A change in slope in the temperature dependence of the phonon frequency near 300 cm–1 and the linewidth of the 760 cm–1 band at 715 K indicates that Li becomes completely disordered above this temperature. In addition, the temperature dependence of the linewidth for the 760 cm–1 band exhibits an additional change in slope at 780 K, implying the existence of an intermediate state within this temperature range. The detailed structure of this intermediate phase, however, needs further study. Our IR data provide no indication of structural changes between room temperature and 20 K. 相似文献
989.
We show that in evolved stars, even at relatively low surfaceamplitudes, nonradial modes become strongly nonlinear in thehydrogen shell source, where the Brunt-Väisälä frequency hasits absolute maximum. The measure of nonlinearity is the productof horizontal displacement times the radial wavenumber,
. It becomes large already in evolved -Scuti stars.This nonlinearity presents a major problem for interpretations ofamplitude modulation in RR Lyrae stars in terms of nonradial modeexcitation. 相似文献
990.
Jianghui Ji Hiroshi Kinoshita Lin Liu Guangyu Li Hiroshi Nakai 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2003,87(1-2):113-120
We perform numerical simulations to explore the dynamical evolution of the HD 82943 planetary system. By simulating diverse planetary configurations, we find two mechanisms of stabilizing the system: the 2:1 mean motion resonance (MMR) between the two planets can act as the first mechanism for all stable orbits. The second mechanism is a dynamical antialignment of the apsidal lines of the orbiting planets, which implies that the difference of the periastron longitudes 3 librates about 180° in the simulations. We also use a semi-analytical model to explain the numerical results for the system under study. 相似文献