ArcGIS建模在“以地控税”数据整合中的应用

为了便于城镇土地调查数据整合,减少数据整合过程中人为干预引起的问题,规范数据属性,在"以地控税"数据整合过程,采用ArcGIS软件中的模型生成器(Model Builder)构造地理处理工作流,进行流程化处理,可以简化工作步骤、规范工作流程、提高工作效率和数据精度。通过实例验证了该处理方式在实际工作中的可行性。     

Mapping and clustering the adoption of carbon pricing policies: what polities price carbon and why?

Carbon pricing, including carbon taxes and emissions trading, has been adopted by different kinds of polities worldwide. Yet, beyond the increasing adoption over time, little is known about what polities – countries as well as sub- and supranational entities – adopt carbon pricing and why. This paper explores patterns of adoption (both implemented policies and those scheduled to be) through cluster analysis, with the purpose of investigating factors that could explain polities’ decisions to adopt carbon pricing. The study contributes empirically by studying carbon taxes and emissions trading together and by ordering the polities adopting carbon pricing into clusters. It also contributes theoretically, by exploring constellations of variables that drive the adoption of carbon pricing within individual clusters. We investigated 66 adopted policies of carbon pricing, which were divided into five clusters: early adopters, North-American subnational entities, Chinese pilot provinces, second-wave developed polities, and second-wave developing polities. The analysis indicates that the reasons for adopting carbon pricing have shifted over time. While international factors (climate commitments or influences from polities within the same region) are increasingly salient, domestic factors (including crises and income levels) were more important for the early adopters.

Key policy insights

• Carbon pricing has become a global mainstream policy instrument.

• Economic and fiscal crises provide windows of opportunity for promoting carbon pricing.

• The international climate regime can support the adoption of carbon pricing through mitigation commitments and international financial and technical assistance.

• Learning between polities from the same region is a useful tool for promoting carbon pricing.

• Carbon intensive economies tend to prefer emissions trading over carbon taxes.

     

How to reach an elusive INDC target: macro-economic implications of carbon taxation and emissions trading in Turkey

This paper employs a computable general equilibrium model (CGE) to analyse how a carbon tax and/or a national Emissions Trading System (ETS) would affect macroeconomic parameters in Turkey. The modelling work is based on three main policy options for the government by 2030, in the context of Turkey’s mitigation target under its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC), that is, reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by up to 21% from its Business as Usual (BAU) scenario in 2030: (i) improving the productivity of renewable energy by 1% per annum, a target already included in the INDC, (ii) introducing a new flat rate tax of 15% per ton of CO₂ (of a reference carbon price in world markets) imposed on emissions originating from carbon-intensive sectors, and (iii) introducing a new ETS with caps on emission permits. Our base path scenario projects that GHG emissions in 2030 will be much lower than Turkey’s BAU trajectory of growth from 430 Mt CO₂-eq in 2013 to 1.175 Mt CO₂-eq by 2030, implying that the government’s commitment is largely redundant. On the other hand, if the official target is assumed to be only a simple reduction percentage in 2030 (by 21%), but based on our more realistic base path, the government’s current renewable energy plans will not be sufficient to reach it.

• Turkey’s official INDC is based on over-optimistic assumptions of GDP growth and a highly carbon-intensive development pathway;

• A carbon tax and/or an ETS would be required to reach the 21% reduction target over a realistic base path scenario for 2030;

• The policy options considered in this paper have some effects on major sectors’ shares in total value-added. Yet the reduction in the shares of agriculture, industry, and transportation does not go beyond 1%, while the service sector seems to benefit from most of the policy options;

• Overall employment would be affected positively by the renewable energy target, carbon tax, and ETS through the creation of new jobs;

• Unemployment rates are lower, economic growth is stronger, and households become better off to a larger extent under an ETS than carbon taxation.

     

基于SOA的税收征管网络GIS平台

 为了能直观、形象和动态地反映不同区域税收状况的空间分布规律和变化趋势,提高异构税收征管GIS系统的数据共享和互操作性能,采用GIS企业级中间件与开放地理信息联盟(OGC)规范的GIS Web服务(GIServices)相互集成的方式,构建一种面向服务架构(SOA)的税收征管WebGIS系统(STAXGIS)。STAXGIS是一致性的业务模型和信息模型,通过GIS企业级中间件提供空间数据转换、税收业务处理与税收空间分析等高级服务功能,并采用GIServices提供税源查询与定位、税收专题分析、税务查询与申报等方面的信息服务。STAXGIS采用J2EE 4层框架(即数据层、应用服务层、Web服务层和客户层)实现其部署与分层管理,这与传统税收征管GIS系统相比,STAXGIS的征管效率和可扩展性大大提高。以福建省福州市为例的研究表明,STAXGIS可增强现有分散管理的异构税收征管GIS系统在分布式环境下的信息共享能力和互操作性,提高异构环境下税收征管空间分析的整体效率,并向各级税务管理部门提供直接或间接的决策支持。     

测绘行业涉密计算机安全审计技术研究

根据测绘行业数据成果安全保密管理的实际需求,设计了一种基于规则库的涉密计算机安全审计系统。本文分析了审计系统的组成,各组成部分的构造方法以及相互关系,给出了该系统的集成和管理方法,特别是结合实例讨论了规则库的设计。     

城镇地籍调查工程建设社会化监理机制研究

提出了城镇地籍调查工程建设中社会化监理机制的概念,分析了施工单位、业主单位和监理单位的职责和组织关系,在此基础上研究了城镇地籍调查工程建设的监理内容。     

地籍管理的税源监控信息系统简介

将国土资源部门的地籍管理信息、地理信息系统与国税部门的税源监控系统有机地整合在一起，可使现有电子表格和数据库无法看到的数据模式和发展趋势以电子图表的形式清晰直观地展现出来。并结合中国税收征管信息系统数据进行空间可视化分析，实现了数据可视化、地理分析与数据库应用的有机集成，满足了税收机关决策多维性和部门之间信息共享的需求。     

离岸金融中心的地理学研究进展

经济全球化是第二次世界大战后全球经济发展的特征,而金融国际化是其中重要的组成部分。离岸金融中心是在金融国际化和金融创新的背景下发展起来的,在促进资本流动与新兴金融市场发展中发挥重要作用。由于离岸金融中心独特的地理分布及其在全球经济和金融体系中的重要作用,离岸金融中心也开始受到地理学的关注。论文在对离岸金融中心的相关概念和发展进行介绍的基础上,系统回顾了离岸金融中心的地理学文献,从离岸金融中心产生的区位条件、离岸金融中心对全球和区域产生的影响、离岸金融中心与全球金融体系的互动关系、中国离岸金融中心的发展等方面对相关研究进行归纳,最后进行总结与评述,并对中国未来如何从地理学视角研究离岸金融中心给予展望。     

地理国情普查成果服务于自然资源资产离任审计方法研究

在测绘地理信息技术服务于领导干部自然资源资产离任审计组织实施过程中,对自然资源资产评价指标、建库及试点试验的结论进行了阐述,为全面开展审计工作积累经验。     

地理国情监测服务领导干部自然资源资产离任审计应用研究

开展领导干部自然资源资产离任审计是按照国家相关法律法规,对领导干部自然资源资产受托管理责任的履行情况进行监督和控制,是新时代中国特色社会主义环境审计的重大创新。本文主要阐述地理国情监测服务领导干部自然资源资产离任审计的内容与思路,方法具有可操作性,审计结果可行可靠,并且通过基本农田保护审计实例验证了取得的效果。