土地定级估价的分析研究与实践——以新疆拜城县为例

近几年来,经济发展迅速,土地级别划分及地价水平已有较大的变化,原有的基准地价体系已不能适应现时经济发展的要求,地价体系也亟需修正更新。该文结合拜城县的具体情况,并遵循所选因子与土地的相关性,确定拜城县城区土地定级因素,在分析各定级因素权重的基础上,计算各因素的分值,划分土地等级。通过对拜城县城区的土地进行定级估价作出修正和更新,将对土地的监督管理工作起到良好的促进作用。     

句法视角下广州传统村落空间形态及认知研究

本研究在句法视角下,选择广州小洲村为案例地,以轴线图结合意象图的分析方法,探讨村落空间形态与不同使用者空间认知的关系,得出以下结论：① 空间组构中具有高数值的某些变量,可被认为是地标性的显著空间元素,在使用者认知图表中扮演着重要的角色,其连续性极大地影响了空间认知;② 不同使用者的空间认知模式存在差异,本地居民能够更加容易认知村落深层次的空间格局;③ 城市化改变了传统村落具有的防御性及内聚性的原本形态特征,空间集聚中心由内部转向边缘,这是导致本地居民与其他使用者认知差异的重要原因.本研究为快速城市化进程中传统村落的发展与规划提供了重要启示,也是一种以新方法研究传统村落空间形态及空间认知的尝试.     

基于GIS和空间句法的历史街区保护更新规划方法研究—以江门市历史街区为例

基于GIS和空间句法集成的思路,以江门市历史街区保护更新规划为例,结合实地调研从空间实体的“点、线、面”3个层面分别建立建筑、街巷和地块GIS数据库,利用GIS多因子评价对建筑保护价值进行综合评价,运用空间句法定性定量的分析手段剖析历史街区的街巷路网结构及用地布局,尝试探索建立在量化、实证分析基础上的历史街区保护更新规划的技术方法和流程.研究结果表明:通过量算空间句法参数可以直观解析历史街区空间形态结构和智能性水平,对研究区的规划定位能提供较好的参考;通过空间句法与GIS集成分析对街巷和用地布局的合理性进     

基于空间句法的商品交易市场空间结构——以义乌国际商贸城为例

空间句法作为一种定量空间形态分析方法,广泛应用于城市设计和建筑的诸多方面,但是在商业建筑结构方面的应用研究较少。本文运用GIS和空间句法的集成方法定量分析了义乌国际商贸城内部的空间结构特征,探讨了空间句法在商品交易市场空间结构形态研究中的应用。研究结果表明：义乌商贸城内部空间结构在总体布局上智能性、可理解性较差,局部区域及部分入口的便捷度较差,部分辅助设施不易达;针对这些不足本文也提出相应的优化调整建议。另外,该研究也可为商品交易市场的规划设计提供一定的参考。     

基于陆路交通网的空间通达性分析——以兰州-西宁城市区域为例

以兰州-西宁城市区域交通路网为例,基于空间句法模型、日常可达性模型和等时圈通过特征点算法,试图运用GIS技术将节点、轴线和域面结合起来对通达性进行全面阐述,多视角综合测度区域路网通达性的空间格局。研究结果表明:1.区域路网体系较为完善,路网线段集聚相对明显;线段式空间伸展格局呈"点-轴"状,轴线式空间伸展格局呈"干-枝"状,初步形成核心、过渡、外围三大等级圈层以及"X"字型路网骨架,区域交通运输与城镇发展水平表现出较强的共轭协同发展关系。2.等时圈沿国道、省道、县道扩散表现连续,沿封闭铁路、高速公路扩散出现跳跃,其等时圈空间特征多呈现"枝-叶"状。城镇日常可达性在较大程度上取决于区域中心性、周边路网发达程度和城镇密集程度,区域路网单中心极化现象比较明显,兰州市对整个区域路网的控制作用较为突出。3.区域通达度空间分布各异,核心板块破碎而外围板块连片。区域通达性差异极其显著,出现极高值区和极低值区;兰州与西宁通达度中高值区出现断裂,区域南部通达度极低值区连片成带。因此,应当构建兰州地区绕城高速和环状路网,实现路网交通的适度分流;加快兰州-西宁高等级快速交通建设,推进兰州-西宁区域一体化进程;建设兰成铁路和兰州至云南磨憨口岸高速通道,培育临夏为南部区域性中心城市。     

Ranking spaces for predicting human movement in an urban environment

A city can be topologically represented as a connectivity graph, consisting of nodes representing individual spaces and links if the corresponding spaces are intersected. It turns out in the space syntax literature that some defined topological metrics can capture human movement rates in individual spaces. In other words, the topological metrics are significantly correlated to human movement rates, and individual spaces can be ranked by the metrics for predicting human movement. However, this correlation has never been well justified. In this paper, we study the same issue by applying the weighted PageRank algorithm to the connectivity graph or space–space topology for ranking the individual spaces, and find surprisingly that: (1) the PageRank scores are better correlated to human movement rates than the space syntax metrics, and (2) the underlying space–space topology demonstrates small world and scale free properties. The findings provide a novel justification as to why space syntax, or topological analysis in general, can be used to predict human movement. We further conjecture that this kind of analysis is no more than predicting a drunkard's walking on a small world and scale free network.     

Automatic generation of the axial lines of urban environments to capture what we perceive

Based on the concepts of isovists and medial axes, we developed a set of algorithms that can automatically generate axial lines for representing individual linearly stretched parts of open space of an urban environment. Open space is the space between buildings where people can freely move around. The generation of the axial lines has been a key aspect of space syntax research, conventionally relying on hand-drawn axial lines of an urban environment, often called axial map, for urban morphological analysis. Although various attempts have been made towards an automatic solution, few of them can produce the axial map that consists of the least number of longest visibility lines, and none of them really works for different urban environments. Our algorithms provide a better solution than existing ones. Throughout this article, we have also argued and demonstrated that the axial lines constitute a true skeleton, superior to medial axes, in capturing what we perceive about the urban environment.     

空间句法在开封市区路网空间结构中的应用

基于空间句法模型中的整合度指标计算,借助Arcview与ArcGIS软件的计算和空间分析功能,分析开封市区路网空间的可达性和可达性区域的空间分布特点,对存在问题予以归纳,提出相应的调控建议.     

Globalized conflicts of discourse: the type of conflict of proxies*

The article describes a new form of transnational environmental conflict that developed in the wake of globalisation. Activist in this new type of conflict still act as proxies of groups under pressure but in contrast to transnational environmental conflicts hitherto the target of their protests is rather their own society at home than the location of the pressured group. Despite these conditions it is claimed that this type of metaphorical conflict is going to become more frequent as alliances are built along the oppostion to a dominant discourse. According to the model, conflicts of values are easier to transfer on stages abroad or across the Atlantic than conflicts of interests and motivation for activists is higher as the return is affecting their home society. Dynamic and features of this type of conflict are explained with help of discourse theory.     

喜马拉雅造山带东、西构造结的地质特征与对比

喜马拉雅造山带的东、西两端分别有一个构造急剧转向的地区——构造结, 这里是探讨喜马拉雅造山带构造演化的重要场所.区域地质调查资料对比显示这2个构造结有: (1)相似的地貌景观; (2)相似的地质特征和演化历史, 即都缺失喜马拉雅沉积岩(寒武纪—第三纪); (3)结晶岩系中都有高压变质岩, 且在10 Ma以来均发生过深熔与混合岩化作用; (4)25 Ma以来, 特别是10 Ma以来两地都经历了快速剥露和隆升作用; (5)印度板块-欧亚板块的碰撞时间接近, 分别为75 Ma和65 Ma, 均早于喜马拉雅造山带的其他地区.这些相似性表明: 伸展拆离和以河流作用为主的地表过程是喜马拉雅造山带的东、西构造结快速剥露的主导因素; 因强烈剥露减压所致的地壳部分熔融作用形成的岩浆向地表减压处的流动在构造结的演化过程中起着重要作用.