两汉侯国时空特征及其影响因素分析

运用重心迁移模型、标准差椭圆及多元Logistic回归分析,探讨了两汉794座侯国的时空演变特征,揭示了各历史时期侯国分布格局演变和社会经济、地理环境等要素的关系。结果表明：① 各历史时期中侯国数量及其占总量比重、频率基本呈现“高—低—高—低”波浪形起伏的变化趋势。② 各历史时期侯国分布格局均呈现高度集聚状态,分布重心走向经历了由西→东、由东→西的反转,在距离与移动速率上呈现东汉>西汉的规律;西汉标准差椭圆X轴、Y轴、面积呈不断减小趋势,东汉标准差椭圆X轴、Y轴、面积呈不断增大趋势。③ 微观地理选择上影响侯国设置最主要的因素是区位因子,说明两汉侯国设置时更多考虑分布于距离道路、都城、区域中心城市较近的区域,表现出明显的“社会经济指向性”。此外,地形因子与区位因子在方向性上的转变表明各因子对侯国设置的影响并非一成不变,而是伴随社会发展状况及政治体制动态变化,其与政治因素的关联度仍是主导性的。     

渤海湾西部声纳探测发现全新世埋藏槽谷

声波探测具有很高的分辨率和信号发射频度,可以获得高品质浅地层剖面,显示出沉积地层的结构与构造细节、斜层理等三角洲沉积标志特征。展示了渤海湾西部浅地层声纳探测原始记录。探测发现,在大沽口以东27km处存在一个以前不为人知的埋藏槽谷,涉及地层的时代为晚更新世末期与全新世中期。宽达几百米到1km,深约30m,走向北北西,形成时代距今约5000～6000a,可能代表了某种重大地质事件,其成因有溺谷充填和构造断陷2种可能。     

页岩气地质调查皖含地1井施工工艺

皖含地1井是在和含巢逆冲推覆构造带中段巢湖背向斜构造带部署实施的一口地质调查井。目的在于获取巢湖-含山-无为地区奥陶系-志留系富有机质页岩的各类地质参数,为本区五峰组-高家边组页岩气资源潜力评价及有利区优选提供地质依据。本文主要阐述了皖含地1井的井区概况、钻探施工技术与施工工艺。施工中结合实际情况进行钻井质量控制,在钻进过程中合理调整钻进参数,有效控制钻井顶角,符合地质设计的目的。并对皖含地1井进行台效分析,为后期的钻探积累了经验。     

Earthen barriers to control lava flows in the 2001 eruption of Mt. Etna

Preceded by four days of intense seismicity and marked ground deformation, a new eruption of Mt. Etna started on 17 July and lasted until 9 August 2001. It produced lava emission and strombolian and phreatomagmatic activity from four different main vents located on a complex fracture system extending from the southeast summit cone for about 4.5 km southwards, from 3000 to 2100 m elevation (a.s.l.). The lava emitted from the lowest vent cut up an important road on the volcano and destroyed other rural roads and a few isolated country houses. Its front descended southwards to about 4 km distance from the villages of Nicolosi and Belpasso. A plan of intervention, including diversion and retaining barriers and possibly lava flow interruption, was prepared but not activated because the flow front stopped as a consequence of a decrease in the effusion rate. Extensive interventions were carried out in order to protect some important tourist facilities of the Sapienza and Mts. Silvestri zones (1900 m elevation) from being destroyed by the lava emitted from vents located at 2700 m and 2550 m elevation. Thirteen earthen barriers (with a maximum length of 370 m, height of 10–12 m, base width of 15 m and volume of 25 000 m³) were built to divert the lava flow away from the facilities towards a path implying considerably less damage. Most of the barriers were oriented diagonally (110–135°) to the direction of the flow. They were made of loose material excavated nearby and worked very nicely, resisting the thrust of the lava without any difficulty. After the interventions carried out on Mt. Etna in 1983 and in 1991–1992, those of 2001 confirm that earthen barriers can be very effective in controlling lava flows.     

Control strategies and experimental verifications of the electromagnetic mass damper system for structural vibration control

The electromagnetic mass damper （EMD） control system, as an innovative active control system to reduce structural vibration, offers many advantages over traditional active mass driver/damper （AMD） control systems. In this paper, studies of several EMD control strategies and bench-scale shaking table tests of a two-story model structure are described. First, two structural models corresponding to uncontrolled and Zeroed cases are developed, and parameters of these models are validated through sinusoidal sweep tests to provide a basis for establishing an accurate mathematical model for further studies. Then, a simplified control strategy for the EMD system based on the pole assignment control algorithm is proposed. Moreover, ideal pole locations are derived and validated through a series of shaking table tests. Finally, three benchmark earthquake ground motions and sinusoidal sweep waves are imposed onto the structure to investigate the effectiveness and feasibility of using this type of innovative active control system for structural vibration control. In addition, the robustness of the EMD system is examined. The test results show that the EMD system is an effective and robust system for the control of structural vibrations.     

构建城市地震应急管理综合应对体系的对策

由于城市地震的复杂性和严重危害性,传统地震应急管理存在突出问题,必需采用综合应对才能够确保最经济的应急管理成本,满足应对全灾难的基本需要,从而保证城市安全管理的基本需求,实现统一高效的指挥和运作。城市地震应急管理综合应对体系的构建应从信息系统、指挥系统、资源管理系统和保障系统等方面展开。     

桥梁施工高程控制网精度及跨河水准观测设计

分析了水中桥墩施工允许误差,推导了桥梁施工高程控制网的必要精度,研究并设计了不同跨河长度下的桥梁高程控制测量等级和跨河水准测量的测回数及组数,研究成果可供相关规范修订时借鉴。     

苏77-5-8H井大斜度穿煤层安全钻井技术

苏77-5-8H井为苏里格气田苏77区块第一口利用水平井提高山23组开发效益的大斜度穿煤层水平井,目的层山23储集砂岩上部发育厚度25～30 m的碳质泥岩和煤层段,由于煤系地层的特殊性,钻进过程中易坍塌,且煤系地层正好处于入靶前的造斜井段,钻井施工难度大、风险高。在分析了煤层井壁稳定机理基础上,针对苏77区块地层特性和水平井钻井施工的难点,分析了该井主要技术难点,重点从井眼轨迹轨道设计优化、轨迹控制及施工技术措施和钻井液技术等方面对该井安全技术进行了全面的介绍,为今后同类井钻井提供可参考的经验。     

核地球物理和化探综合测量在上海市区工程地质调查中的应用

本文介绍在上海市区断裂构造调查中 ,核地球物理测量和化探的应用效果。应用α卡、地面伽马能谱U、Th、K和总量 (Σ)及壤中气汞等测量方法 ,采用组合指标推断断裂构造 ,推断出的断裂构造与地震推断的结果相比较 ,具有较好的一致性。这些方法经济、快速、有效 ,有着广泛的应用前景     

井下三角高程代替水准测量的可行性

通过对全站仪三角高程测量精度的分析,论证了井下三角高程测量可以作为井下高程控制的一种手段。并通过一些三角高程测量在实际矿山测量中的应用实例,验证了利用全站仪三角高程测量代替井下水准测量实施井下高程控制的可行性结论。