南极长城湾夏季叶绿素a变化的研究

１９９２年１２月～１９９３年３月、１９９３年１２月～１９９４年２月、１９９４年１２月／１９９５年３月连续３个夏季期间在南极长城湾进行了海洋生态系统调查,利用获得的浮游植物现存量（叶绿素ａ）资料进行分析研究发现：１９９２／１９９３年夏季叶绿素ａ含量最高,平均值为３．７９ｍｇ／ｍ３,变化幅度也最大,为１０．１０ｍｇ／ｍ３。连续３个夏季的年际变化趋势是３．７９ｍｇ／ｍ３（１９９２／１９９３）＞１．８０ｍｇ／ｍ３（１９９３／１９９４）＞１．２０ｍｇ／ｍ３（１９９４／１９９５）。而变化的幅度也同样依次为１０．１０ｍｇ／ｍ３＞６．５７ｍｇ／ｍ３＞２．４１ｍｇ／ｍ３。所获得的结果与南极地区相同季节其它近海海水中的叶绿素ａ含量进行比较得知：除Ｇｅｒｌａｃｈｅ海峡（１９５９年１月）１１．６０ｍｇ／ｍ３和ＭｃＭｕｒｄｏ海峡（１９６１年１２月）５６．１０ｍｇ／ｍ３外,这次调查结果属中上水平。本文还对该海域叶绿素ａ的垂直分布状况进行了分析。     

Surface circulation patterns in the Sicily Channel and Ionian Sea as revealed by MODIS chlorophyll images from 2003 to 2007

The surface circulation in the Sicily Channel and in the Ionian Sea is investigated using MODerate-resolution Infrared Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) chlorophyll-a images collected from 2003 to 2007. The use of chlorophyll as surface tracer in the area is verified by comparison with satellite altimeter measurements available during the same period.     

油包裹体荧光颜色及其成熟度关系

近年来有机包裹体在石油地质领域中的广泛应用, 为油气勘探与评价注入了新的活力.有机包裹体特别是油包裹体的荧光颜色是鉴定有机包裹体和指示油气成熟度的有效手段.本文在论述有机包裹体荧光机理的基础上, 依据不同盆地样品的实验观测结果, 从油包裹体荧光的强度、波长、颜色以及与有机包裹体同期的盐水包裹体的均一温度等关系进行分析, 证明可以运用油包裹体荧光颜色和平均均一温度等综合指示油气的成熟度.      

春季东海近岸表层浮游植物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

采用HPLC-CHEMTAX方法分析了2008年春季东海近岸海域的表层浮游植物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明,调查区表层浮游植物优势类群为硅藻和甲藻,对叶绿素a的平均贡献率分别为42%和32%。硅藻和甲藻均适于生长在低温、低盐和高氮磷比的环境,但硅藻水华发生在温度较低、盐度较高、氮磷比较高的长江冲淡水与外海水交汇的盐度锋面上,而甲藻水华发生在温度较高、盐度较低、氮磷比较低的冲淡水与台湾暖流交汇的温度锋面上。LOWESS回归表明,叶绿素a和甲藻分别随温度和盐度升高呈先增后降的趋势,硅藻随温度和盐度变化波动较大。叶绿素a和硅藻随氮磷比升高而递增,甲藻随氮磷比的变化波动较大。     

策勒绿洲21种豆科牧草叶绿素荧光参数比较

策勒绿洲位于塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘,当地牧草生长受强光、高温、干旱、土壤肥力低下等多种环境因子的制约。本文以生长在策勒绿洲边缘的21种豆科牧草为研究对象,测定牧草叶片快速叶绿素荧光诱导曲线及其参数,比较21种豆科牧草的光系统II(PSII)特性,进一步分析本地区环境对不同牧草的影响。通过对牧草各荧光参数进行聚类分析,将牧草分为4组,第1组牧草（牧草型三叶草、驯鹿和敖汉苜蓿）初始荧光（Fo）、单位反应中心吸收的能量（ABC/RC）、单位反应中心捕获的能量（TRo/RC）和单位反应中心耗散的能量（DIo/RC）值最高,而最大荧光（Fm）、PSII 潜在活性（Fv/Fo）、PSII 最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、单位面积反应中心的数量（RC/CSo）、单位反应中心电子传递的能量（ETo/RC）和荧光诱导曲线初始斜率（Mo）最低;第4组牧草（农宝、甘农3号、和田大叶、牧歌、费纳尔紫花苜蓿、金皇后、新牧二号、苜蓿和新疆大叶苜蓿）Fo、ABC/RC、TRo/RC和DIo/RC值最低,而Fm、Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm、RC/CSo、ETo/RC和Mo最高;第2组牧草（阿尔冈金、皇冠、北疆紫花苜蓿、新牧一号、巨人苜蓿和苜蓿王）和第3组牧草（沙打旺、三得力和红豆草）的值趋于中间水平。结果说明:策勒绿洲恶劣的气候条件对各组牧草均产生了一定的胁迫,对牧草PSⅡ的反应中心的活性及电子链的传递产生抑制,各组受到环境抑制的程度为:第1组>第2组>第3组>第4组。第4组牧草受到的影响相对较小,比较适合在本地区种植,而第1组和第2组牧草受到外部环境的干扰较大,PSⅡ的结构和功能受到严重影响,不适合在本地区种植。     

表皮环割对花花柴(Kareliniacaspica)水势及光合参数的短期影响

生长在塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘的植物在生长季常遭受虫害和放牧的影响,频繁的干扰在很大程度上限制了该地区植物的生存和生长.以塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘策勒绿洲外围花花柴(Karelinia caspica)为试验材料,模拟干扰对于花花柴生理状况的短期影响,设置了对照(正常枝条)、中度环割(表皮环割50%)、重度环割(表皮环割100%),观测了环割后10 d内花花柴气孔导度、水势、光合色素、叶绿素荧光等在不同环割条件下的变化特征.结果显示:(1)除了类胡萝卜素(Car)含量外,中度环割对花花柴各项生理参数的影响不明显;(2)重度环割能够明显降低花花柴气孔导度、清晨水势和正午水势、叶绿素(Cal)含量和类胡萝卜素(Car)含量;(3)重度环割使得花花柴的光合原初反应遭到抑制,光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)结构和功能遭到损害,活性降低,光合器官对光能的吸收、传递、转化和电子捕获等过程也遭到抑制,用于耗散的能量显著增多.整体来看,重度环割下的花花柴短期内各项生理参数均出现显著降低,而中度环割下花花柴各项生理参数短期内变化不大.当人为或者昆虫、野兔等对花花柴表皮产生机械损伤时,表皮部分损伤的植物也许可以通过自身修复,使得各项生理机能恢复正常,而表皮遭受重度破坏的植物会随着时间的推移趋向于死亡.在荒漠化防治过程中,我们应该尽量避免花花柴的表皮被全部剥蚀.     

Masters of mudbrick: Geoarchaeological analysis of Iron Age earthen public buildings at Ashdod-Yam (Israel)

Excavations at Ashdod-Yam exposed a fortification system that features a massive mudbrick wall with large earthen ramparts laid on either side. This fortified horseshoe-shaped enclosure once surrounded what was likely a human-made harbor and an adjacent acropolis with complex earthen architecture, constructed and active during Iron Age IIB–C (eighth–seventh centuries B.C.E.). These Iron Age public structures are at the center of the current research. In this paper, we present the geoarchaeological analyses of Ashdod-Yam's earthen architecture. We applied a multidisciplinary methodology to new evidence for mudbrick manufacture with the goal of understanding the relationship between governing bodies and craftsmen. The analyses combine X-ray fluorescence, loss on ignition, environmental scanning electron microscopy, and thin-section petrography to investigate raw material procurement, manufacturing choices, and labor organization at Ashdod-Yam during Iron IIB–C. Construction techniques and the standardization of the mudbrick recipe point to a local enterprise regarding the site's public earthen architecture. Furthermore, the degree of labor organization must have been closely observed and supervised by a central political power. Thus, it is argued here that construction and maintenance of the site was carried out by the kingdom of Ashdod, either as a part of its own local initiative or on behalf of the Neo-Assyrian empire.     

X-射线荧光光谱法测定高炉渣和电炉渣中8种常见元素

研究了借助熔片法制样,将高炉渣、电沪渣两种基体建于同一组工作曲线。所获曲线线性良好。分析结果与标准值或湿分析值吻合。     

Rapid elemental analysis of sediment samples by isotope source XRF

Energy dispersive isotope-source X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysers are little used in academic environmental research, in spite of being ideally suited to a number of tasks. In this paper an XRF method is tested by measuring a wide range of environmental materials of known elemental composition. Precision, accuracy and detection limits are presented.Using isotope-source X-ray fluorescence analysis, the total concentrations of Si, Ti, Ca, K, Fe, Mn, Cl, S, Nb, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, Zn and Zr can be determined in soils and sediments at a rate of >70 samples per day. The combination of speed and accuracy makes the technique ideal for three classes of application within environmental research. First, in sediments and soils that are highly heterogeneous, reliable characterisation is more dependent upon the number of samples measured than on measurement precision or accuracy. Under these circumstances the method is sufficiently accurate to be used alone. This is also the case where there is high and wide ranging contamination of sediment or soil by Pb and Zn. Second, major elements (Si, Ti, Fe, Ca, K and S) can be measured with sufficient accuracy in sediments and soils to aid the interpretation of other sediment chemical analyses. Third, the technique is ideal for the rapid screening of sediment or soil, allowing effective targeting of samples for more time consuming or expensive analyses. The XRF method presented here offers rapid, non-destructive total elemental analysis of sediments and soils that is sufficiently accurate to be useful in environmental research.