Measurement of Aureole and Suppression of Internal Stray Light of Aureole Photometer

A modern aureole photometer (AP) was developed for the site survey inWest China, in preparation for the installation of future large solar equipments. The performance of this new AP was tested in preliminary observations, and a lot of sky brightness data were accumulated at a few sites in Yunnan Province. The result of data analysis shows that the aureole near the noon time on Jiaozi Snow Mountain is as low as a few millionths of the intensity at the solar disk center, indicating the low internal stray light level of our instrument. The internal stray light of the AP comes mainly from two parts: the edge diffraction of the ferrule for fixing the ND4 filter in the front end of the telescope tube, causing the stray light distributed in the inner region of the field of view, and the edge diffractions of the diaphragms placed inside the telescope tube, causing the stray light distributed in the outer region of the field of view. In order to suppress the stray light of the latter part, the experiment to change the aperture size of an additional diaphragm was performed. The result shows that the stray light in the outer region of the field of view can be effectively suppressed by reducing properly the aperture size of the diaphragm.     

Relation of Seismic Wave Energy and Magnetic Field Intensity on the Solar Surface

As shown by a series of previous researches, on the solar photospheric surface, together with the intensi?cation of longitudinal magnetic ?eld, the ob- served energy of seismic waves decreases. In order to further investigate the relation between seismic waves and magnetic ?elds, using the data of Helioseis- mic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) and via the extrapolation of the potential ?eld from the line-of-sight magnetic ?eld, we can get the total intensity of magnetic ?eld and correlate it with the energy of seismic waves. By ?tting the energies of p-mode seismic waves within a certain region of total magnetic ?eld, the relation between the energy of seismic waves and the total intensity of magnetic ?eld can be obtained. Our study has con?rmed that between the energy of seismic waves and the total intensity of magnetic ?eld there is a stronger correlation. As shown by the results of various active regions, the tendencies of decrease of the energy of p-mode seismic waves with the total intensity of magnetic ?eld below 500 GS are very close to each other, but in the range from 500 GS to 1000 GS there are small differences. Besides, between the logarithm of the energy of p-mode seis- mic waves and the total intensity of magnetic ?eld there is a rather strong linear correlation. As revealed by comparing the results of Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) and HMI, although in totality the observational results of magnetic ?elds of MDI are larger than those of HMI, but the results of comparison and analysis on the relation between the normalized energy of p-mode seismic waves and the intensity of magnetic ?eld do not differ much in these two cases.     

The non-uniform pattern in full-disc vector magnetograms and its correction

The Solar Magnetism and Activity Telescope (SMAT) has been operational at Huairou Solar Observing Station since the end of 2005. Its scientific projects are the observational study of full-disc vector magnetic field and Hα chromospheric activities. In this paper, the Fourier low-frequency passing filter and the large-scale polynomials fit methods have been employed to analyse and remove the non-uniform pattern (NUP) in the full-disc Stokes V image. These methods are useful to effectively improve the quality of SMAT's data. The following main results have been obtained. (1) An intrinsic large-scale spatial distribution of NUP appears in SMAT's full-disc Stokes V image and its average amplitude accounts for 2 per cent of sunspots' field of kG. (2) NUP is testified as instrumental polarization through data reduction and observational explanation (passband shift). There are pseudo-passband shift in the wide field of view of SMAT due to NUP, and the maximum shifting value from the solar disc centre to the solar disc limb is 0.12 Å. (3) As an example, after removing SMAT's NUP in the Stokes V image, the correlation coefficients of the magnetograms become 78 per cent between SMAT and MDI (Michelson Doppler Imager project) on the SOHO ( Solar and Heliospheric Observatory ) satellite, and 92 per cent between SMAT and the SMFT (Solar Magnetic Field Telescope) at Huairou.     

The Calculation of Solar Gamma-Rays by TALYS

Solar gamma-ray lines, produced from nuclear reactions of accelerated particles interacting with the solar atmospheric medium, are the most direct diagnosis for the acceleration and transportation of energetic electrons and ions in solar flares. Much information about composition, spectrum, and angular distribution of the accelerated ions, as well as the elemental abundances of the ambient solar atmosphere can be derived from solar gamma-ray line spectra. A new gamma-ray calculation program has been developed by using an efficient nuclear code − TALYS. The theory of gamma-ray production in solar flares is treated in detail. The characteristics of gamma-ray spectrum are also presented.     

Supergene Geochemistry of Gold and Oxidation Zone of the Sain Us Gold Deposit in the Inner Mongolian Arid Region

The Sain Us gold deposit is a typical auriferous sulphide quartz vein deposit in the InnerMongolian arid steppe climatic region. The oxidation zone has been controlled by the arid cli-mate since the beginning of the Holocene. Gold supergene evolution is characterized by enlarge-ment of gold grains, complication of the gold form, raising of the gold grade and increase of thegold fineness; besides, gold and silver have two enrichment peaks at the same depth, which is insharp contrast to the unimodal enrichment of gold and silver and the occurrence of gold aboveand silver below in a humid climatic region. Sun pumping is the main cause for the bimodalenrichment of gold and silver. Illite 2 M_1 is one of the main causes for the upper enrichment peakof gold and silver.     

对地球质心偏移及板块驱动力的讨论

支持宇宙力参与板块运动的观点,赞同地球质心偏移的论断,但对质心偏移的力源和成因提出不同的看法。数理推导表明,太阳斥力与万有引力常数G的变化综合作用、冰盖在一极的形成与消融等是质心偏移的主要力源。     

朵云信息辅助卫星影像扫描区域的概略定位

利用卫星遥感影像中朵云与其阴影的成像差异以及扫描区域与成像时刻太阳方位角的关系,建立了3种云朵高度的计算公式。在此基础上,进一步提出了概略计算扫描区域坐标的方法。实验结果表明,该方法有效地解决了在缺乏传感器摆角的情况下对扫描区域的概略定位问题。根据推导的公式,利用物体与阴影在太阳赤纬角上的分量,还可以解决摄影时间不精确情况下的物体高度计算。该方式比用太阳高度角在时间上的敏感程度要小,因而降低了对时间的要求,尤其对单片航空摄影测量中物体高度计算更有利。     

A comparison between above-water surface and subsurface spectral reflectances collected over inland waters

The objective of the research was to undertake a quantitative comparison of spectral-reflectance measurements made slightly above the surface of water bodies with the measurements made slightly below the surface. The study is focused on three rivers; two in Georgia, USA and one in Japan. As expected, the differences in reflectance are not constant and vary with the wavelength. The contribution of surface-reflection effects to the surface reflectance measured slightly above the water is both pronounced and highly variable, but although they do alter the magnitude of the upwelling signal, they do not change the general shape of the spectral profiles. The correction of surface-reflection effects by assuming a proportionality factor (ρ) is not considered to be efficient for inland fresh water bodies. For in situ spectroscopy, the recommended approach is to measure upwelling radiance slightly below the water's surface as a means of minimizing extraneous noise. Researchers should be aware of the potential for diminishing the validity of findings because of measurement errors.     

Chikyû Bankoku Sankai Yochi Zenzu Setsu: The First Japanese World Map with Latitudes and Longitudes and with an Extensive Japanese Explanatory Note

In the early 1780s, Nagakubo Sekisui, the first Japanese scientific geographer, published a world map containing latitudes and longitudes, based on Matteo Ricci's map of 1602. The map and its extensive explanatory text had a considerable impact on the educated classes of the late Edo Period (1603–1868) toward their new vision of the world. We are providing here an analysis of the map and the first complete English translation of Nagakubo Sekisui's most interesting, long explanatory text.     

太阳对SMOS卫星海表亮温偏差年际变化的影响

利用欧洲空间局发布的土壤湿度和盐度卫星最新版本V5.04及V5.05的2010年5月至2012年4月的L1C级亮温数据,分析了其2维视场中存在的亮温偏差和年际变化。亮温偏差在视场中的分布不均匀并随季节变化。其年际变化超过1 K。太阳及其尾迹在视场中的位置随季节变化并对该卫星测量的亮温产生影响,是亮温偏差年际变化的主要来源。另外,太阳高度角的季节性变化会使该卫星天线的物理温度产生季节性变化,并通过天线模型使其测量亮温产生季节性偏差。