山东东营花沟地区不同成因气的浅层地球化学效应

应用地球化学方法预测有机成因的烃类气藏和无机成因的CO2气藏取得了良好的地质效果。建立了一套区别不同成因气藏的有效指标组合,即以全烃、不同赋存状态的CO2、光谱特征、CO2碳同位素等为主体,为天然气勘探开发提供了可靠的地球化学依据。     

The astrometric observations of planetary satellites, close approaches and occultations of stars by asteroids and mutual events in the systems of planetary satellites with the 26-in. refractor of Pulkovo observatory in 1995-2006

Astrometric and photometric observations of major planets, their satellites and asteroids have been made with the 26-in. refractor of the Pulkovo observatory during the period from 1995 to 2006. The CCD (ST6) and photographic observations were carried out. Accurate relative position of satellites of Jupiter and Saturn have been derived. The positions of Saturn have been calculated using the theoretically predicted coordinates of satellites relative to the planet without measurements of the photographic images of the planet. Also the observations of Hale-Bopp comet and Mercury transit have been made. The 26-in. refractor has been included into the international campaign PHEMU-2003: photometric CCD observations of mutual occultations and eclipses of Galilean satellites. The light curves of the events have been obtained and parameters of the events have been determined.     

Color measurements of volcanic ash deposits from three different styles of summit activity at Sakurajima volcano,Japan: Conduit processes recorded in color of volcanic ash

We measured quantitatively colors of volcanic ash deposits erupted from three different styles of summit activity (Strombolian activity, Vulcanian explosions and continuous ash venting activity) at Sakurajima volcano from 1974 to 1985. Colors of Strombolian ash samples have larger yellow components of their visible spectra (b^? values) than those of explosion and continuous venting ash samples. Colors of explosion ash samples show larger variation in both red and yellow components of their visible spectra (a^? and b^? values, respectively), while colors of continuous venting ash samples are in the narrow ranges within colors of explosion ash samples. Colors of components with lower densities than 3.1 g/cm³ (groundmass and phenocrystic plagioclase) obtained by magnetic and heavy liquid separation methods are similar to the unseparated bulk ash samples. This result suggests that the color variations of ash deposits are mainly originated from the particles composed of groundmass. The particles can be classified into three different types of particles with different vesicularity and crystallinity (vesicular particle [VP], dense particle with vesicles [DPV] and dense particle without vesicles [DP]). Analytical results of component proportions, chemical compositions of groundmass glasses, ferrous iron contents and surface ferric materials show that (1) VP has larger yellow components of the visible spectrum (b^? values) and high ferrous iron content, and is less crystallized than the DP and DPV, (2) DP has larger red and yellow components of its visible spectrum (a^? and b^? values, respectively) and involves ferric materials on the surfaces produced by oxidation process, and (3) DPV has smaller red and yellow components of its visible spectrum (a^? and b^? values, respectively) and involves less ferric materials on the ash surfaces. Color differences of ash deposits from three different activity styles can be explained by the different mixing ratios of VP, DPV and DP. During the Strombolian activity, the VP is a main component in the ash, which is formed from relatively less degassed and crystallized magma. In the Vulcanian explosion and continuous ash venting activity, the proportions of DPV and DP in ash are larger than that in the Strombolian activity. The highly crystallized DP may correspond to a vent cap, and DPV to a magma below the cap. The color measurements of ash deposits provide information on the pre-eruptive processes at the shallower levels of a conduit.     

黔东地区典型构造样式特征及其地质意义

黔东地区发育中、新元古代至新生代地层和多种类型的岩浆岩、变质岩, 存在多期次构造运动, 主要可划分为武陵构造旋回期、加里东构造旋回期、燕山构造旋回期和喜马拉雅旋回期。形成的典型构造样式分别有阿尔卑斯式褶皱、侏罗山式褶皱、逆冲推覆构造、韧性剪切带、变质核杂岩构造及伸展剥离断层系、平行走滑断层系、地垒—地堑构造等。在不同的构造旋回期, 其构造样式的差异反映出了所处构造位置的不同, 进而在平面上反映出江南造山带是由不同时期的造山亚带组成且具有向东迁移的演化历史的复合造山带。      

无机与有机混合成因的天然气藏

东营凹陷西南部花沟地区发现的二氧化碳气藏,多数专家认为是幔源气,本文通过该区高青断裂下降盘的一个二氧化碳藏与其上倾方向上的一生物甲烷气藏的对比研究,认为它们都是无机与有机混合成因的气藏,二氧化碳质量分数较高的气藏幔源气为主,混有少量有机成因气;生物甲烷气藏以有机成因气为主,混有少量无机气,根据碳同位素组成和稀有气体同位素组成分析,认为研究区不存在纯的幔源气,文中还对这些气藏的形成进行了分析。     

非接触式六自由度运动测量与分析方法

本文提供了一种非接触式六自由度运动测量与分析方法。首先应用位置测量仪（ＰＳＤ）对安置在模型上的红外线发光源（ＬＥＤ）进行测量,然后用所编制的软件计算出模型的六个自由度运动情况。该方法避免了接触式测量仪对模型作用一定的力而产生的误差,同时具有较高的位置解析度与频率响应能力,测量结果精度较高。该方法可同时测量空间三个点的运动坐标从而可用计算机求得模型在空间的六个自由度运动情况。测量与分析结果令人满意。     

青藏高原东北缘循化－贵德盆地及邻区更新世时期沉积与后期侵蚀样式研究

利用残存的地貌标志恢复原始地貌形态是地貌研究的难点之一。青藏高原东北缘循化－贵德地区晚新生代构造活动强烈,晚新生代黄河在本区发育,其后期演化记录了青藏高原隆升扩展的详细信息,同时黄河侵蚀下切过程本身也是值得深入研究的重要科学问题。由于黄河水系的发育,晚更新世以后循化－贵德盆地地区实现由盆地加积向退积的调整,盆地地区逐渐开始遭受黄河水系的侵蚀下切,并逐渐形成现今青藏高原东北缘的地貌形态。野外地质调查发现更新统的变形程度较弱,由于区域构造隆升与河流强烈下切的共同作用,现今保存的更新统已经成为盆地内部的分水岭,如龙羊峡地区。本研究正是选取循化－贵德盆地及其邻区更新统地层为古地貌重建的标志,基于数字高程模型(DEM)空间分析技术,构建了青藏高原东北缘循化－贵德盆地地区更新世古地貌形态,并进行了初步分析,主要认识有： 1)秦岭北缘断裂带构成其南西向北东方向地形快速降低的边界带; 2)在北西南东方向上,西秦岭、黄河、拉脊山、湟水河以及祁连山等总体上构成了向形－背形相间的地貌格局。同时以古地形为基础,定量计算了盆地区更新世以来的侵蚀分布图像,定量结果表明： 1)剥蚀量的分布形态与高原东北缘盆山地貌系统之间有一定相关耦合性,盆地地区的剥蚀量比较大,而相邻山脉地区的剥蚀量都比较小; 2)剥蚀量比较大的盆地地区剥蚀量与盆地内部河流形态之间也具有明显的关联特征,盆地内部剥蚀量最大的区域往往是盆地内部独立河流的中游地区。     

High-resolution magnetostratigraphy and micropalaeontology across the J/K boundary strata at Brodno near ilina, western Slovakia: summary of results

This study summarizes the final results of magnetostratigraphic and micropalaeontological investigations of the Tithonian/Berriasian boundary (J/K) limestones at the locality of Brodno near ilina, Western Carpathians, West Slovakia. The aim is to prepare the background for correlation of a Late Tithonian and Early Berriasian biostratigraphic zonation with global magnetoevents (manifested in detailed magnetostratigraphic profiles) between the Tethyan realm and other regions, particularly the Boreal and Pacific realms. Suitable physical properties of the limestones studied, a favourable geological setting and rich microfossil assemblages (calpionellids) at Brodno (magnetozones M21r to M18r) allowed a systematic collection of new data on the original synoptic section, which now has the character of a high-resolution profile across the J/K boundary. Two reverse subzones detected within magnetozones M20n and M19n are named ‘Kysuca Subzone’ and ‘Brodno Subzone’, respectively. Both can be correlated with analogous subzones in the M-sequence of marine anomalies. Their existence can also be confirmed in the Bosso Valley section in Umbria, central Italy. A detailed study of the interval between magnetozones M20n and M17r in the Bosso Valley profile is presently in its final stage. Both magnetostratigraphic profiles, from the Brodno and Bosso Valley localities, were thoroughly investigated in the intervals close to the J/K boundary and are still unique among continent-based profiles in the detection and precise definition of both reverse subzones within M20n and M19n. Samples collected from the boundary strata of the reverse Kysuca Subzone at Brodno indicated a transition from N (R) to R (N) polarity of the Earth's palaeomagnetic field within a time interval of c. ±5 ka. Limestone samples (total number N=368) were subjected to progressive thermal demagnetization in 10–12 thermal fields and to subsequent multi-component analysis of remanence. The C-component, as the carrier of palaeomagnetic directions, was determined in the temperature interval of 300° to 540°, or possibly 580°C. Magnetomineralogical analyses of pilot samples and unblocking temperatures determined for all samples showed that magnetite is the carrier of remanent magnetization. The positions of the individual events of calpionellid stratigraphy relative to the global magnetic polarity timescale are precisely defined. The base of the Calpionella Standard Zone, which is considered a provisional J/K boundary indicator in ammonite-free sections in the Tethyan realm, lies within magnetozone M19n at the level of 35% of its local thickness. None of the boundaries in the calpionellid zonation coincides precisely with any of those in the palaeomagnetic zonation, but the first appearance ofCalpionella grandalpina , indicating the base of the Intermedia Subzone, lies in close proximity to the base of magnetozone M19r.     

龙门山山前大邑断裂活动时代与最新构造变形样式初步研究

通过野外地质填图、3D扫描仪以及全站仪测量等技术手段,取得了大邑断裂活动时代与最新构造变形样式的初步证据。大邑断裂所在地区白垩纪和新近纪地层的褶曲变形时代应在新近纪末—早更新世,而断裂的最新活动时代是全新世,其最新构造变形样式主要表现为全新世地层的褶皱,在地貌上表现为多个山前鼓丘。这些鼓丘单个平面形态呈椭圆形,沿山前呈雁列状分布,延伸长度为2.5km。根据鼓包的剖面形态,推测大邑断裂为一条全新世活动的盲断裂     

焦家金矿床成矿流体运移的通道、方式及驱动机制

流体输导系统是成矿研究中的一个重要内容.本文通过焦家金矿床地质特征研究及趋势面分析等手段,探讨矿床成矿流体运移的通道和方向,进而对流体运移的方式和驱动作了分析.认为矿体的形成和空间分布受断裂流体输导系统的控制,流体总体从南西向上和侧向运移;由于断裂构造带不同部位岩石破碎程度不同,从而导致具有差异的孔隙度和渗透率,进而影响流体的运移方式;流体运移的驱动力主要由构造产生的附加静水压力所引起,同时重熔岩浆的上侵作用加速了流体的运移速率.