东营凹陷永8断块断层调节带及其对油气分布的控制作用

利用高精度的三维地震资料,结合油田地质资料对永8 块断层几何学、运动学和动力学进行了研究。结果表明,该 断块为一典型东西向展布的同向叠覆型断层调节带,西侧主断层（辛120 断层）与调节断层在剖面上呈阶梯状组合样式, 东侧主断层（永105 断层）与调节断层呈地垒状组合;辛120 断层活动性减弱时,其位移量传递给永105 断层和调节断层; 力学分析认为该断层调节带是在左旋张扭构造应力场作用下形成的。通过对永8 块油气分布、油气来源以及断裂活动性与 封闭性研究,建立了永8 断层调节带油气成藏模式：主成藏期东侧主断层作为油源断层沟通了烃源灶和储集层并输导油气; 调节断层停止活动时间早形成断块圈闭,成为遮挡断层。永8 块西侧是有利滚动勘探开发区。     

Ecology of rocky reef fish of northeastern New Zealand: 50 years on

Abstract

This review examines the history and current understanding of the ecology of rocky reef fishes in northeastern New Zealand, marking the fiftieth anniversary of the Leigh Marine Laboratory. The cumulative number of publications increased steadily to c. 180 by 2012. Most attention has been on the snapper (Pagrus auratus, f. Sparidae), the largest in size and economically most important species, and on triplefins (Tripterygiidae), the smallest in size and most diverse family. A strong quantitative school emerged in the 1980s, a period when there was little research on temperate reef fishes elsewhere. A ‘bottom-up’ view of the effects of habitat structure on fish emerged, identifying the key roles of depth, topography and macroalgae. By 2000, attention shifted to using marine reserves as laboratories for ecological research. A ‘top-down’ view of fish as predators emerged, documenting cascading effects on prey communities and habitats. The two different viewpoints have not yet been integrated. Research gaps, including population connectivity and climate change, represent major challenges for the next 50 years.     

The occurrence of Mt Barca flank eruption in the evolution of the NW periphery of Etna volcano (Italy)

Geological surveys, tephrostratigraphic study, and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age determinations have allowed us to chronologically constrain the geological evolution of the lower NW flank of Etna volcano and to reconstruct the eruptive style of the Mt Barca flank eruption. This peripheral sector of the Mt Etna edifice, corresponding to the upper Simeto valley, was invaded by the Ellittico volcano lava flows between 41 and 29 ka ago when the Mt Barca eruption occurred. The vent of this flank eruption is located at about 15 km away from the summit craters, close to the town of Bronte. The Mt Barca eruption was characterized by a vigorous explosive activity that produced pyroclastic deposits dispersed eastward and minor effusive activity with the emission of a 1.1-km-long lava flow. Explosive activity was characterized by a phreatomagmatic phase followed by a magmatic one. The geological setting of this peripheral sector of the volcano favors the interaction between the rising magma and the shallow groundwater hosted in the volcanic pile resting on the impermeable sedimentary basement. This process produced phreatomagmatic activity in the first phase of the eruption, forming a pyroclastic fall deposit made of high-density, poorly vesicular scoria lapilli and lithic clasts. Conversely, during the second phase, a typical strombolian fall deposit formed. In terms of hazard assessment, the possible occurrence of this type of highly explosive flank eruption, at lower elevation in the densely inhabited areas, increases the volcanic risk in the Etnean region and widens the already known hazard scenario.     

A review of methods and frameworks used to determine the environmental water requirements of estuaries

Abstract

Environmental flow requirements of estuaries have been ignored in the past, mostly because of the lack of long-term monitoring data or understanding of the responses to changes in freshwater inflow. In some cases, it was incorrectly assumed that the minimum flows determined for rivers would protect downstream processes and in others the omission of environmental water requirement studies for estuaries was as a result of the sectoral management of water resources or lack of applicable legislation. Three main countries have developed methods for estuaries, i.e. Australia, South Africa and the USA, from practical applications and a learning-by-doing approach. Recent methods take a holistic and adaptive standpoint and are presented as frameworks that include a number of steps and have elements of risk assessment and adaptive management. Most approaches are data rich and emphasize long-term monitoring. This review showed that, although methods are available, implementation is slow and will require strong governance structures, stakeholder participation, monitoring and feedback in an adaptive management cycle.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Guest editor M. Acreman     

珠江口盆地恩平凹陷断层特征及其对新近系油气成藏的影响

断层是油气纵向输导的主要通道,其发育特征与断圈的油气成藏有着密切的联系。通过分析恩平凹陷断层特征,将该区断层划分为2个断层系统4类不同活动期次的断层,并系统研究了断层的构造样式、活动性和封闭性对本区新近系油气成藏的影响。结果表明：恩平凹陷新近系发育7种构造样式,控制着新近系各二级构造带圈闭发育类型,翘倾半背斜和背斜是该区最有利的成藏类型;长期型断层和晚期型断层是本区主要的控运断层,在油气运聚与成藏中断层具有通道和封堵的双重作用,其封堵性制约了油气烃柱高度,而活动性主导了新近系油气富集程度,且断层生长指数为1.09是该区控运期断层纵向输导成藏的临界值,随着控运断层活动性增大,断层纵向输导能力增强,新近系圈闭成藏的概率越高。     

茂兰喀斯特自然保护区聚落空间分布与演变特点

探讨自然保护区聚落空间分布与演变特点,对认识自然保护地区人地关系动态变化具有重要意义。本文采用1963年到2015年的高分辨率影像和地形图数据,研究了茂兰保护区聚落空间分布与动态演变。结果表明:（1）茂兰自然保护区的聚落集中分布在4个实验区,从1963年到2015年,实验区聚落一直呈增加趋势,2005年是聚落集聚程度经历了减弱再到增加过程的拐点;（2）在聚落规模增加的同时,聚落的功能也在发生着变化,形成了以旅游业为主的新型生态旅游型聚落;（3）保护区峰丛洼地中聚落面积与耕地面积二者呈显著的正相关,保护区聚落密度低、聚耕比小是保护区植被得以较完整保存的根本原因。研究结果有助于为查清茂兰自然保护地区人-地关系动态状况、为连片峰丛洼地区的人-地关系优化调控提供参考。      

走滑—拉分盆地构造特征及盆地成因模式探讨: 以中非多赛奥盆地为例

立足于中非剪切带的构造演化,文章分析了中非剪切带对多赛奥盆地形成与演化的控制作用,明确了多赛奥盆地的 构造演化阶段,并从盆地结构和构造样式分析入手,探讨了多赛奥盆地的成因机制。研究表明,受中非剪切带“强—弱” 两期走滑作用控制,多赛奥盆地经历了扭张期、压扭期、拗陷期三期的构造演化阶段,扭张期为盆地的主要形成期,压扭 期为盆地构造定型期。在晚白垩世压扭期,盆地东、西部遭受不同程度的压扭作用,形成东部主坳区和西部压扭区,东部 主坳区遭受后期压扭作用较弱,表现为不对称的双断结构特征,而西部压扭区遭受强烈的后期压扭作用,地层发生弯曲变 形,Borogop II断裂发生正反转作用,形成大型正花状构造区。受早期扭张作用和后期压扭作用双重控制,多赛奥盆地发育 两类五种构造样式。右阶右旋作用机制形成的扭张作用控制了多赛奥和塞拉迈特走滑—拉分盆地的形成。     

"十一五"期间我国区域规划有关问题的思考和建议

"十一五"规划期间,国家将把区域规划工作放在突出重要的位置。区域规划既不是国民经济和社会发展规划在区域上的细化,也不是行业规划在区域上的汇总,而是为解决特定区域的特定问题或达到区域内特定目标而采取或实施的战略、发展思路、政策等。区域规划的内涵决定了区域规划的特点和性质,"十一五"期间加强和重视区域规划工作具有重大意义,是促进我国区域协调发展、落实科学发展观、解决区域重大问题、加速与国际现代管理体制接轨、完善我国规划体系以及促进社会主义市场经济秩序建立的迫切需要。文章提出在"十一五"期间,要研究确定区域规划编制主体、编制程序及审批主体等问题,加强我国重点区域规划范围的研究,开展新的地区经济发展类型划分,统筹区域发展,完善区域发展政策,制定相应的法律法规。     

A Volumetric Model for Evaluating Tight Sandstone Gas Reserves in the Permian Sulige Gas Field,Ordos Basin,Central China

To accurately measure and evaluate reserves is critical for ensuring successful production of unconventional oil and gas. This work proposes a volumetric model to evaluate the tight sandstone gas reserves of the Permian Sulige gas field in the Ordos Basin. The reserves can be determined by four major parameters of reservoir cutoffs, net pay, gas-bearing area and compression factor Z, which are controlled by reservoir characteristics and sedimentation. Well logging, seismic analysis, core analysis and gas testing, as well as thin section identification and SEM analysis were used to analyze the pore evolution and pore-throat structure. The porosity and permeability cutoffs are determined by distribution function curve,empirical statistics and intersection plot. Net pay and gas-bearing area are determined based on the cutoffs, gas testing and sand body distribution, and the compression factor Z is obtained by gas component. The results demonstrate that the reservoir in the Sulige gas field is characterized by ultralow porosity and permeability, and the cutoffs of porosity and permeability are 5% and 0.15×10~(–3) μm~2, respectively. The net pay and gas-bearing area are mainly affected by the sedimentary facies, sand body types and distribution. The gas component is dominated by methane which accounts for more than 90%, and the compression factor Z of H_8(P_2h_8) and S_1(P_1s_1) are 0.98 and 0.985, respectively. The distributary channels stacked and overlapped, forming a wide and thick sand body with good developed intergranular pores and intercrystalline pores. The upper part of channel sand with good porosity and permeability can be sweet spot for gas exploration. The complete set of calculation systems proposed for tight gas reserve calculation has proved to be effective based on application and feedback. This model provides a new concept and consideration for reserve prediction and calculation in other areas.     

基于图切地质剖面的区域成矿地质体三维建模与资源评价——以桂西南地区锰矿为例

以成矿规律研究和成矿条件分析为基础的二维成矿定量预测方法难以精确表达含矿地层的三维空间分布情况,导致其预测结果的可靠性差。本文针对矿产资源预测评价中的真三维地学分析需求,以平面地质图和图切地质剖面图为三维地质建模的数据源,按照线框架建模的技术思路,由剖面轮廓线和地面地质界线联合重构了成矿地质体的三维表面,较好地表达了桂西南地区成锰地质体在三维空间中的分布情况。同时,为了分析三维空间中锰矿资源量的分布情况,本文采用规则体元将研究区的三维地质空间分割为连续场,并结合区域锰矿二维成矿定量预测的成果,获得了研究区1 000m以浅含锰地层中锰矿资源量的三维空间分布:研究区锰矿资源量主要集中在上泥盆统(以五指山组为主,5 036万t)和下三叠统北泗组(3 447万t);而下石炭统大塘组资源量仅为566万t,以前的二维预测对该地层内赋存的锰矿资源量估计偏高。三维预测较好地反映了含锰地层三维形态对锰矿分布的控制作用,为研究区锰矿定量预测提供了新的技术手段。