中国锰矿的现状与展望

新中国成立迄今,已累计探明锰矿石7.17亿t。中国锰矿床有4种类型:海相沉积型、沉积受变质型、层控型和风化型。锰矿以地台型为主,地槽型次之。锰矿具有多时代,多层位的特点。矿石贫,富矿短缺。多数矿区已开发利用。钢铁工业要求锰业同步发展。今后应加强我国中西部地区锰矿的勘查与开发,重视两种资源的利用。     

山东玲珑和焦家金矿成矿深度研究与测算

应用构造作用力影响静水压力的理论，用构造校正方法，测算了玲珑－焦有式金矿的成矿深度。焦家金矿Ⅰ、Ⅱ号矿体形成深度为２２４３．６ｍ±，Ⅲ号矿体脉群形成深度为１６３２．４ｍ±（１０５Ｍａ±），玲珑金矿四个成矿阶段的深度分别是３４５５ｍ±（２１３Ｍａ±），１９１４．４ｍ±（１００．２８Ｍａ±），１０９１ｍ±（８０．６７Ｍａ±）和７２１ｍ±（７１．８６Ｍａ±）。     

砂金矿床储量计算中若干问题的探讨

本文对砂金矿床储量计算现存的某些问题提出了自己的看法,指出了由于不正确的计算方法给采金船生产带来的某些危害。着重论述了正确运用混合砂品位指标在矿床储量计算中的意义;单项钻孔工程混合砂品位表示方法、原则与采金船设计、生产的关系;关于矿体圈定中某些问题的处理。     

HF doppler observations on the occurrence of equatorial spread-F

HF doppler observations of the vertical drift velocity and group height of the 5.5 MHz plasma frequency level of the post-sunset bottomside F-region obtained on a fewESF (equatorial spread-F) and non-ESF days at Trivandrum are presented. The results show that on the non-ESF days, the maximum group height attained is about 400 km and the maximum velocity is less than 30 m/sec. On theESF days, however, the corresponding values are found to be in the range of 400–650 km and 30–50 m/sec. TheESF onset is found to be significantly delayed relative to the velocity peak indicating that it is more closely linked to the layer height than to the drift velocity.     

环渤海山东地区地下水库建设条件分析

环渤海山东地区是我国北方缺水地区之一 ,主要原因是水资源在时间上的不均匀分布 ,年内、年际降水量差别大。实践表明 ,修建地下水库工程 ,对区内水资源进行多年调蓄利用 ,是缓解该区水资源供需矛盾的重要措施。研究区水文地质条件差异较大 ,一方面胶东低山丘陵滨海河谷区、鲁中南山前冲洪积扇区及黄泛平原古河道带含水层厚度较大、颗粒较粗、调蓄能力较强 ;另一方面鲁中南山前冲洪积平原区和胶东半岛滨海平原部分地段地下水位多年持续下降 ,腾出了巨大的地下库容 ;这些都为修建地下水库提供了条件。本文中将该区地下水库划分为山间河谷型、滨海平原型、冲洪积扇型和冲积平原古河道型 4类 ,并根据地下水库库址选取的 6个基本条件选出了 2 6处地下水库库址 ,这些地下水库的总库容达 6 5 .17× 10 8m3 ,最大调节库容总和为 2 8.39×10 8m3 ,建库后库区地下水可采资源量增长 73% ,可取得明显的水资源效益。同时修建地下水库可以改善库区附近水环境质量 ,遏制海 (咸 )水入侵、土壤次生盐渍化等环境地质问题     

苗儿山花岗岩体单元—超单元特征及其定位机制

根据苗儿山花岗岩体单元－超单元新理论将苗儿岩体划分为13个单元，归并为两个超单元，两个独立单元。不同单元、超单元的性质特征揭示了不同构造期古老岩石重熔的岩浆，沿北东向基底断裂上侵在隆起核部冷凝成岩的演化规律。雪峰期形成猫儿界单元线浅成相裂隙喷溢型火山岩；加里东期以NE向基底断裂的中心式扩展定位形成中深成相黄金超单元主体，自中心往外，岩体由新至老分布；印支－燕山期延续 了加里东期岩浆活动特征；因环状裂隙影响，印支期光旺岭单元侵入体总体呈NE向展布，且以加里东期岩浆侵位中心呈半环状排列；燕山期八角亭超单元3个NE向带，是岩浆呈岩墙式扩张定位的具体表现。     

Evolution of bulk composition, mineralogy, strain style and fluid flow during an HT–LP metamorphic event: sillimanite zone of the Catalan Coastal Ranges Variscan basement, NE Iberia

Metamorphic rocks in the Osor complex (Guilleries massif, NE Iberian Peninsula) show the following structural and compositional features: strong differentiation into quartz-rich gneissic semipelitic and quartz-absent, mica-rich schistose bands, higher density of igneous (both basic and leucogranitic) and quartz veins in the schistose domains and strong strain partitioning in the pelitic bands. Garnet is present in both kinds of lithologies, showing also differential textural and chemical features interpreted to be dependent on bulk composition, deformation and fluid interaction histories. Textures, mineral composition and thermobarometry suggest the operation of concurrent mechanical, mass transfer and thermal phenomena such as: (1) variations in strain style, (2) fluid infiltration, (3) magmatic injection and (4) HT–LP metamorphic and metasomatic episodes. The following sequence of events is suggested: initially the cooling of syntectonic high-T basic quartz diorite sheets promoted high strain rates, low dP/dT thermobaric evolution, incipient anatexis in the pelitic bands and devolatilization through a pervasive to vein-channelized prograde fluid flow. The prograde flow enhanced an ongoing compositional tectono-metamorphic differentiation and produced metasomatism through depletion of the Osor rocks in alkalis and calcium. Later injection and cooling of peraluminous leucogranitoid sheets, preferentially along pelitic bands, increased the ratio of magmatic/metamorphic components in the fluids and strongly enriched them in alkalis producing a second metasomatic episode. During crystallization of quartz and leucogranitoid veins, the pelitic bands were strongly enriched back again in alkalis, promoting the blastesis of big crystals of post-peak muscovite and albite as well as the retrogression of garnet. The metasomatic mica-rich levels must have been the preferred locus for development of a new deformation style dominated by shear band fabrics in metapelites and related to a release of the gravitational instability originated previously due to crustal thickening. The increasing decompressional component of the retrograde P–T path also suggests that this style of deformation was prevalent during, if not responsible for, a phase of exhumation of the metamorphic complex. It is suggested that similar patterns of thermomechanical and mass transfer phenomena could well be a fundamental characteristic common to all HT–LP metamorphic belts.     

西部有色金属矿产资源潜力与矿业发展战略

通过近二十年来我国有色金属矿产资源与矿业生产态势的分析对比，发现我国西部有色金属矿产资源潜力较大，近期可利用资源多，蕴藏较集中，具有较好的资源优势和一定的有色金属工业基础。指出应着重采取资源的优化配置、生产要素的优化配置、技术创新型战略和资源节约型战略，以推动西部矿业发展。     

象头山自然保护区的气候特征

象头山自然保护区地处南亚热带湿润季风气候区，具有热量丰富、降水充沛、室气湿润、湿季长、干季短、植物生长期长、风向随季节改变、气候垂直变化大等特点，有大风、台风和雷暴危害。     

Biodiversity and conservation in the Tibetan Plateau

The Tibetan Plateau (Qinghai-Xizang Plateau) is a unique biogeographic region in the world, where various landscapes, altitudinal belts, alpine ecosystems, and endangered and endemic species have been developed. A total of 26 altitudinal belts, 28 spectra of altitudinal belts, 12,000 species of vascular plant, 5,000 species of epiphytes, 210 species of mammals, and 532 species of birds have been recorded. The plateau is also one of the centers of species formation and differentiation in the world To protect the biodiversity of the plateau, about 80 nature reserves have been designated, of which 45 are national or provincial, covering about 22% of the plateau area. Most of the nature reserves are distributed in the southeastern plateau. Recently, the Chinese government has initiated the “Natural Forests Protection Project of China,” mainly in the upper reaches of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers. “No logging” policies have been made and implemented for these areas.