单侯井田构造发育规律及其对煤层开采的影响

从区域构造入手,对单侯井田构造进行分析,认为井田内断层发育以走向NW—NE、落差≤5m的小型正断层为主,且主要分布于大中型构造的两侧．特别是在其弧形转折带附近往往形成“羽”状雁列的小断层密集带。断层垂向上多分布于4—7号煤层之间的厚煤层发育区,其严重破坏了煤层的连续及完整性,是影响煤层开采的最主要因素之一。井田褶皱构造相对不发育,以短轴小型背、向斜为主,均属缓波状褶曲,对煤层的开采无影响或影响较小。根据井田地质构造发育程度,对其进行预测及分区评价：井田东部为强烈的构造挤压带,以发育走向NW-近EW—NE向的大型逆掩断层为特点,构造最复杂;井田西北部是相对较轻微的构造挤压带,以发育走向NE向的逆断层为特征,构造较复杂;井田南部以发育近SN或NNW向正断层为主,构造相对简单。评价结果对矿井设计及采区与工作面布置有一定的指导作用。     

盘县马依东二井田构造特征及成因分析

利用井田勘探资料及野外地质资料,对井田构造基本形态、断层发育特征及其分布规律进行分析,总结出该井田的构造模式、构造成因、构造组合特征及其演化规律。研究认为井田的构造格局是多期构造运动综合作用、相互叠加的结果。井田构造形态为一略有起伏的平缓单斜,区内NE向的高角度正断层,多属张扭性,EW向构造早于NE向构造,构造复合部位较复杂,其余区段较简单;伸展构造是井田构造的主体样式,这一结论对下一步继续勘探及煤矿开采具有指导意义。     

上海市长江口及邻近海域地质调查现状及展望

海洋区域地质调查近年来逐渐得到重视,海洋地质调查技术的发展也为开展海洋区域地质调查奠定了基础。上海地区社会经济发展对地质工作的需求,为摸清上海市长江口及邻近海域的地质现状提出了必然要求。本文在系统整理长江口及邻近海域地质资料的基础上,重点分析了区内存在的重点地质问题和研究存在的问题,根据海洋地质调查的技术发展,结合国内相关地区的调查经验,对长江口及邻近海域内区域地质调查进行了展望,提出了采用综合物探技术、地质取样和测试分析进行综合地质环境调查的建议,并对具体采用的调查技术和调查内容进行了论述。     

邢东矿井构造特征及应力应变场分析

邢东矿井位于太行山隆起带与华北沉陷带的过渡带,通过区域构造应力-应变场分析,本区先后经历了由挤压-拉张的变形过程,变形强度由弱到强。海西期构造应力影响较弱,印支期-中燕山期构造应力作用较为强烈,形成了大量的挤压结构面和压缩构造．燕山晚期-喜山期是构造形成的最终阶段,以拉张伸展变形为主,现今的多数正断层的断裂结构面仍保存有先期的挤压结构面特征。区内构造以断裂构造为主要形式,断层组合形式多样,这些构造形成期次不同,北西向断裂对北东向断裂具有限制作用。     

山西天池煤矿构造特征及其形成机制

基于天池煤矿地质勘探资料,结合区域构造背景研究了矿井地质构造特征及形成机制。天池煤矿构造属简单构造,地层总体呈走向北东、倾向北西的单斜构造,矿井内褶皱发育程度较低,断层以正断层为主,其次为低角度逆掩断层。陷落柱分布较为杂乱,成群出现,常见于褶皱轴部。自三叠纪末期开始一直受到区域构造活动的控制作用,印支期受SN向的挤压,形成了一些近EW向的构造;燕山期经历两期NWW--SEE向挤压使井田内地层及煤层主体呈NE走向;喜山早期的NE—SW向挤压,导致NE向断层的性质发生转变;上新世开始表现为区域上的伸展作用。     

Die Rheingrabenrandverwerfung im Wattkopftunnel bei Ettlingen (Nordschwarzwald)

The Wattkopftunnel, near Ettlingen (Nordschwarzwald), drives through the eastern margin of the Rheingraben. The tunnel passes cenozoic and mesozoic sediments. Early quarternary and tertiary beds are situated west of the main thrust of the Rheingraben. Fossil record indicates upper Oligocene age (Chatt) for parts of the tertiary sediments. At the eastern border of the Rheingraben, wedges of jurassic and middle triassic series are squeezed. East of the Rheingraben the tunnel drives in the lower triassic Bausandstein. The eastern margin of the Rheingraben was investigated in detail during tunneling. Faults of the Rheingraben margin are distributed in an 130 meter wide fault zone in the tunnel. Total stratigraphic separation by the normal faults reaches more than 2 000 meters. The cenozoic sequence suffered synsedimentary to early diagenetic deformation, while the mesozoic series are characterized by ruptural deformation. The fault- and joint system is directed in the rheinische Richtung (SSW-NNE). East of the Rheingraben a second direction occur, running parallel to the lower Albtal (W-E).

     

New paleomagnetic results from the Aegean extensional province

Various Oligocene formations from NE Greece (ignimbrites from the Medousa area, rhyolites from Zagradenia, granodiorites from Elatia) show discordant paleomagnetic signatures, in each case indicating small cw (clockwise) rotation and also inclination flattening. Marls from Pithion were partly remagnetized in a present-day field. Samples that contain ancient magnetization components also indicate small cw rotation and inclination flattening. However, the magnetization of andesites from Peplos reflects a considerably larger rotation, likely owing to local tectonics. In the context of previous work in the area, these results are used to propose a subdivision of NE Greece into four structural zones of distinctive rotational behaviour (from east to west): sites in zone 1, east of the Kavala-Xanthi-Komotini fault (KXK), show various cw and ccw (counterclockwise) rotation angles owing to complex kinematics resulting from the interaction of the KXK and the north-Anatolian fault zone. However, zone 2, between the KXK and the Strymon valley, is structurally homogeneous ( 10° cw rotation). The paleomagnetic signature of the Vertiskos massif (zone 3) implies a larger (> 30°) cw rotation, whereas sites in the Vardar basin (zone 4) contain a paleomagnetic signature similar to that of zone 2. This suggests a motion of the Vertiscos massif, a meta-ophiolitic nappe, relative to underlying strata. Indeed, zones 2 and 4 may be parts of the same structural unit which underlies this nappe.     

Impact cratering - a review,with special reference to the economic importance of impact structures and the Southern African impact crater record

Only since several decades has impact cratering been recognized as an important surface process on all planetary bodies in the Solar System. However, as the process has not yet been effectively introduced into geological curricula, it is necessary to inform a wider public about its importance for (i) planetary formation and (ii) evolution, (iii) the understanding of this process as a geological process, (iv) the terrestrial impact crater record and its limitations, and (v) the recognition criteria for terrestrial impact structures, as well as (vi) the need of improvement of the impact cratering record in the light of the potential danger of an impact catastrophe on this planet. It is, particularly for developing countries, of interest to examine the economic and educational-environmental potential of impact structures. That it is possible to carry out an effective, low-budget geological investigation of impact structures within a Second World environment is demonstrated by the discussion of the progress that has been made in recent years with regard to the Southern African impact crater record. Several recommendations on how to improve, on the one hand, the terrestrial impact crater record and, on the other, their general working situation by activation of workers in Developing Countries are discussed.     

Possible ways to decipher spatial distribution of mineral resources

Regularity of structural patterns can be connected to planetary disjunctive systems (paleosystems). A computerized universal model of these systems should be developed that may be helpful to predict unknown localities of mineral resources controlled by tectonic processes. The specific character of tectonic phenomena is to be respected in geomathematical models. Some suggestions for applications are given.