后浇带在建筑物中的施工技术

通过三个不同类型的建筑物后浇带施工的例子,对设置后浇带的条件,施工工艺流程和防水技术措施进行了分析,提出实际施工过程中一些具有借鉴意义的施工体会。     

Bearing capacity of strip foundations with structural skirts

A modified bearing capacity equation is proposed for skirted strip foundations on dense sand. A series of tests on foundation models were carried out to study the factors that affect the bearing capacity of foundations with skirts. Several factors including foundation base friction, skirt depth, skirt side roughness, skirt stiffness and soil compressibility were studied and incorporated in the equation. The results obtained from the proposed equation were compared with the results obtained from Terzaghi, Meyerhof, Hansen and Vesic bearing capacity equations for foundations without skirt. Comparison shows that the use of structural skirts can improve the bearing capacity by a factor of 1.5 to 3.9 depending on the geometrical and structural properties of the skirts and foundation, soil characteristics and interface conditions of the soil-skirt-foundation system. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

碳酸盐岩中燧石条带成因争鸣——以北京西山中元古界雾迷山组为例

北京地区中元古界雾迷山组主要由燧石条带白云岩、燧石结核白云岩、叠层石白云岩和少量含陆源粉砂质碎屑的白云岩组成,广泛出露于北京山区,厚度2000~3500 m。以雾迷山组为代表的大量中元古代硅质沉积物的物源和形成原因,一般教科书均认为层状燧石为生物成因,结核状燧石为成岩交代成因。笔者等在北京西山等地多次野外考察发现,剖面上的硅质条带或硅质结核（下一般称燧石席或硅胶席）。 燧石席内部常包裹或胶结有下伏白云岩的砾石并且因混有有机质等,表现为各种暗色或杂色。硅胶席在上覆白云质沉积物堆积之前与其周围的白云质灰泥和粒屑几乎同时形成,燧石透镜体与白云质沉积物之间存在着相互穿插、包裹的关系,但彼此之间边界清晰,无论是白云石粒屑还是硅胶席都没有任何被交代痕迹。因此,笔者等认为：燧石“结核”是硅胶聚集成席,再经压实、固化的结果,其浑圆状边缘是水下硅胶与沉积介质的相变面。硅胶固化作用是雾迷山组中原生燧石的唯一成因。在成岩重力压实过程中,连续分布的原生硅质沉积物会形成布丁或“结核”构造。白云质灰泥和粒屑的胶结速度与硅胶的固化速度之间存在着明显的差异,遇地震等外力作用,软的硅胶席会沿着弱固结的白云岩裂隙向上侵入或向下挤入,形成硅质脉。遇有后期的岩浆侵入或热变质作用的改造,硅质条带和硅质结核的成分和颜色会发生相应的变化,质地变纯,颜色由深变浅,但是仍然保留原生的层理或纹理,容易被误认为是成岩期或成岩后硅质交代碳酸盐矿物而成。     

碳酸盐岩中燧石条带成因争鸣——以北京西山中元古界雾迷山组为例

北京地区中元古界雾迷山组主要由燧石条带白云岩、燧石结核白云岩、叠层石白云岩和少量含陆源粉砂质碎屑的白云岩组成,广泛出露于北京山区,厚度2000~3500 m。以雾迷山组为代表的大量中元古代硅质沉积物的物源和形成原因,一般教科书均认为层状燧石为生物成因,结核状燧石为成岩交代成因。笔者等在北京西山等地多次野外考察发现,二维剖面上的硅质条带或硅质结核在三维实体上实际上是透镜状或席状（下一般称燧石席或硅胶席）。 燧石席内部常包裹或胶结有下伏白云岩的砾石并且因混有有机质等,表现为各种暗色或杂色。硅胶席在上覆白云质沉积物堆积之前与其周围的白云质灰泥和粒屑几乎同时形成,燧石透镜体与白云质沉积物之间存在着相互穿插、包裹的关系,但彼此之间边界清晰,无论是白云石粒屑还是燧石席都没有任何被交代痕迹。因此,笔者等认为：燧石“结核”是硅胶聚集成席,再经压实、固化的结果,其浑圆状边缘是水下硅胶与沉积介质的相变面。硅胶固化作用是北京西山中元古界雾迷山组中原生燧石的唯一成因。在成岩重力压实过程中,连续分布的原生硅质沉积物会形成布丁或“结核”构造。白云质灰泥和粒屑的胶结速度明显快于硅胶的固化速度,遇地震等外力作用,软的硅胶席会沿着弱固结的白云岩裂隙向上侵入或向下挤入,形成硅质脉。遇有后期的岩浆侵入或热变质作用的改造,硅质条带和硅质结核的成分和颜色会发生相应的变化,质地变纯,颜色由深变浅,但是仍然保留原生的层理或纹理,容易被误认为是成岩期或成岩后硅质交代碳酸盐矿物而成。     

复合加载情况下非均质地基上条形基础的极限承载力研究

复合加载情况下精确求解非均质地基上条形基础的极限承载力以及评价影响极限承载力的相关因素,具有很强的工程实用与理论参考价值。基于极限平衡原理,在Mohr-Coulomb破坏准则的基础上,将非均质地基上条形基础极限承载力问题等价为一个边界待定的泛函极值问题。利用变分原理得到与平衡方程相等价的积分约束条件以及相应的欧拉方程与横截条件。引入问题边界条件,利用VC++6.0编制了数值计算程序,求得了复合加载情况下非均质地基破坏时的滑裂面函数与破坏包络曲线。从理论上研究了土体内摩擦角、土体黏聚力、土层强度比与地下水位变化等因素对地基破坏包络曲线的影响。研究结果表明,其解答是地基极限承载力真实解的某一最小上限。     

A study on using pre‐bent steel strips as seismic energy‐dissipative devices

Buckling is usually conceived as an unstable structural behavior leading to lateral instability of axially loaded members, if not properly supported. However, a pre‐bent strip would become an excellent seismic energy‐dissipative device if it is deformed in a guided direction and range. Geometrically large lateral deformation of the steel strips in buckling leads to inelastic behavior of the material and dissipates energy as a consequence. The purpose of this study is to propose a new type of seismic damper in the form of braces based on pre‐bent steel strips. The nonlinear elastic stiffness of monotonously loaded pre‐bent strips in both compression and tension is derived. The energy‐dissipative characteristics of the proposed damping device are investigated via component tests under cyclic loads. Experimental results indicate that the force–displacement relationship of pre‐bent strips in cyclic loads exhibits mechanical characteristics of displacement‐dependent dampers. A series of seismic performance tests has been conducted further to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of using the proposed device as seismic dampers. Encouraging test results have been obtained, suggesting feasibility of the proposed device for earthquake‐resistant design. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于椭圆型滑动面的砂土中条形锚板上拔承载力计算方法

对于砂土中的竖向拉拔锚板,锚周土体滑动面的形态会随埋深比的增大而发生变化。基于滑动面连续演化的观点,审视了既有统一模型中滑动面形态表征函数的不足,在此基础上,提出了一种新的椭圆形态函数,并建立了相应的统一力学分析模型,提出了新的承载力计算方法。结果表明：新的形态函数能更好地反映滑动面的实际形态,承载力计算新方法也表现出了更好的适应性。     

高强度地震下带钢避难建筑抗震设计

为了提高带钢避难建筑的抗震性能,对高强度地震下带钢避难建筑实施抗震设计。设置高强度地震下带钢避难所的抗震设防要求,给出不同地震情况下地震避难所设防加速度值以及地震避难所地震影响系数最高值,通过SAP2000分析软件对带钢地震避难建筑结构实施动力弹塑性时程研究,选择合理的塑性铰参数值,通过在建筑周围设置钢支撑的策略对带钢避难建筑实施设计,分析高强度地震下的带钢避难建筑的抗震性能。实验结果说明,采用所提设计方法下的带钢避难建筑在大震情况下的反应优,延性较强,在不同地震波作用下的水平方向位移角满足抗震设防规范。     

华东地区地震条带预报效能评估

对华东地区1970年以来的地震条带进行了预报效能评估。 结果表明: M_L≥3.0地震条带的报准率为0.33, 虚报率为0.67, 漏报率为0.71, R值为0.20; M_L≥3.5地震条带的报准率为0.40, 虚报率为0.60, 漏报率为0.81, R值为0.12; M_L≥4.0地震条带的报准率为0.71, 虚报率为0.29, 漏报率为0.76, R值为0.18; 各震级档条带的R值等于或高于具有97.5%置信水平的R₀值, 具有一定的预报能力。 主震一般发生在条带结束后1年时间内, 多数发生在条带内部和边缘, 条带以北东向或北北东向居多; 对于条带的平均持续时间, 震级下限越大的条带平均持续时间越长; 多数条带分布在江苏及附近海域和赣北及邻区。     

Response Characteristics of Load on Vessels in Waves

Considering the requirement of direct design and fatigue test for ships and floating structures byuse of FEM technique,a computational procedure of spectral analysis for wave load on the hull surface is de-veloped in this paper.The response of hydrodynamic pressure on the body surface to a designated sea state forships and floating structures is calculated by use of the revised strip method with the hull bound perturbationflow concept.The spectral function of wave load for the defined point on the body surface can be determinedfrom the Wiener-Khinhin theorem and the characteristic load value can be also obtained from spectral mo-ment analysis.A container ship is taken as a computational example and the sample of wave load with a cer-tain probability and corresponding encountered frequency is provided.