Hydrodynamic Coefficients and Wave Excitation Forces for A Ship near A Quay

In this paper,the effects of a quay or a solid jetty on hydrodynamic coefficients and vertical wave excitation forces on a ship woth or without forward speed are discussed.A modified simple Green function technique is used to calculate the 2D coefficients while the strip theory is used to calculate the 3D coefficients. Wave excitation forces are also calculated with the strip theory. Numerical results are provided for hydrodynamic coefficients and vertical wave excitation forces on a 200000 DWT tanker ship. It is found that the quay has a considerable effect on the hydrodynamic coefficients and wave excitation forces for a ship.     

基于椭圆型滑动面的砂土中条形锚板上拔承载力计算方法

对于砂土中的竖向拉拔锚板,锚周土体滑动面的形态会随埋深比的增大而发生变化。基于滑动面连续演化的观点,审视了既有统一模型中滑动面形态表征函数的不足,在此基础上,提出了一种新的椭圆形态函数,并建立了相应的统一力学分析模型,提出了新的承载力计算方法。结果表明：新的形态函数能更好地反映滑动面的实际形态,承载力计算新方法也表现出了更好的适应性。     

碳酸盐岩中燧石条带成因争鸣——以北京西山中元古界雾迷山组为例

北京地区中元古界雾迷山组主要由燧石条带白云岩、燧石结核白云岩、叠层石白云岩和少量含陆源粉砂质碎屑的白云岩组成,广泛出露于北京山区,厚度2000~3500 m。以雾迷山组为代表的大量中元古代硅质沉积物的物源和形成原因,一般教科书均认为层状燧石为生物成因,结核状燧石为成岩交代成因。笔者等在北京西山等地多次野外考察发现,二维剖面上的硅质条带或硅质结核在三维实体上实际上是透镜状或席状（下一般称燧石席或硅胶席）。 燧石席内部常包裹或胶结有下伏白云岩的砾石并且因混有有机质等,表现为各种暗色或杂色。硅胶席在上覆白云质沉积物堆积之前与其周围的白云质灰泥和粒屑几乎同时形成,燧石透镜体与白云质沉积物之间存在着相互穿插、包裹的关系,但彼此之间边界清晰,无论是白云石粒屑还是燧石席都没有任何被交代痕迹。因此,笔者等认为：燧石“结核”是硅胶聚集成席,再经压实、固化的结果,其浑圆状边缘是水下硅胶与沉积介质的相变面。硅胶固化作用是北京西山中元古界雾迷山组中原生燧石的唯一成因。在成岩重力压实过程中,连续分布的原生硅质沉积物会形成布丁或“结核”构造。白云质灰泥和粒屑的胶结速度明显快于硅胶的固化速度,遇地震等外力作用,软的硅胶席会沿着弱固结的白云岩裂隙向上侵入或向下挤入,形成硅质脉。遇有后期的岩浆侵入或热变质作用的改造,硅质条带和硅质结核的成分和颜色会发生相应的变化,质地变纯,颜色由深变浅,但是仍然保留原生的层理或纹理,容易被误认为是成岩期或成岩后硅质交代碳酸盐矿物而成。     

Bearing capacity of strip foundations with structural skirts

A modified bearing capacity equation is proposed for skirted strip foundations on dense sand. A series of tests on foundation models were carried out to study the factors that affect the bearing capacity of foundations with skirts. Several factors including foundation base friction, skirt depth, skirt side roughness, skirt stiffness and soil compressibility were studied and incorporated in the equation. The results obtained from the proposed equation were compared with the results obtained from Terzaghi, Meyerhof, Hansen and Vesic bearing capacity equations for foundations without skirt. Comparison shows that the use of structural skirts can improve the bearing capacity by a factor of 1.5 to 3.9 depending on the geometrical and structural properties of the skirts and foundation, soil characteristics and interface conditions of the soil-skirt-foundation system. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

GPS/IMU辅助机载三线阵影像光束法平差

建立了GPS/IMU观测值与外方位元素之间的数学关系,引入线性多项式、分段多项式和定向片内插3种数学模型用于机载三线阵影像的单航带及区域网光束法平差。ADS40数据的试验结果表明,在少量控制点的支持下,3种数学模型的单航带平差均可取得优于1.1个像素的定位精度,其中定向片内插模型最适合用于三线阵影像的空中三角测量。区域网平差的结果进一步证明,四角布设平高控制点即可得到最优的平差结果。     

Response Characteristics of Load on Vessels in Waves

Considering the requirement of direct design and fatigue test for ships and floating structures byuse of FEM technique,a computational procedure of spectral analysis for wave load on the hull surface is de-veloped in this paper.The response of hydrodynamic pressure on the body surface to a designated sea state forships and floating structures is calculated by use of the revised strip method with the hull bound perturbationflow concept.The spectral function of wave load for the defined point on the body surface can be determinedfrom the Wiener-Khinhin theorem and the characteristic load value can be also obtained from spectral mo-ment analysis.A container ship is taken as a computational example and the sample of wave load with a cer-tain probability and corresponding encountered frequency is provided.     

华东地区地震条带预报效能评估

对华东地区1970年以来的地震条带进行了预报效能评估。 结果表明: M_L≥3.0地震条带的报准率为0.33, 虚报率为0.67, 漏报率为0.71, R值为0.20; M_L≥3.5地震条带的报准率为0.40, 虚报率为0.60, 漏报率为0.81, R值为0.12; M_L≥4.0地震条带的报准率为0.71, 虚报率为0.29, 漏报率为0.76, R值为0.18; 各震级档条带的R值等于或高于具有97.5%置信水平的R₀值, 具有一定的预报能力。 主震一般发生在条带结束后1年时间内, 多数发生在条带内部和边缘, 条带以北东向或北北东向居多; 对于条带的平均持续时间, 震级下限越大的条带平均持续时间越长; 多数条带分布在江苏及附近海域和赣北及邻区。     

高强度地震下带钢避难建筑抗震设计

为了提高带钢避难建筑的抗震性能,对高强度地震下带钢避难建筑实施抗震设计。设置高强度地震下带钢避难所的抗震设防要求,给出不同地震情况下地震避难所设防加速度值以及地震避难所地震影响系数最高值,通过SAP2000分析软件对带钢地震避难建筑结构实施动力弹塑性时程研究,选择合理的塑性铰参数值,通过在建筑周围设置钢支撑的策略对带钢避难建筑实施设计,分析高强度地震下的带钢避难建筑的抗震性能。实验结果说明,采用所提设计方法下的带钢避难建筑在大震情况下的反应优,延性较强,在不同地震波作用下的水平方向位移角满足抗震设防规范。     

长江中下游崩岸分布规律及窝崩的平面旋涡形成机制

基于遥感综合研究,论述了长江中下游条崩与窝崩的分布规律,在此基础上讨论了两类崩岸的形成机制,特别是对窝崩的平面旋涡形成机制进行了论述。窝崩是在特定岸段因平面旋涡的形成而发生的,通过流体力学的涡流理论分析,提出了用临界负压评价窝崩形成的原理与方法。     

深部条带开采覆岩“三带”探测及量化评判

为研究深部条带开采覆岩裂隙发育高度这一采空塌陷区治理中的关键技术问题,综合运用工程地质钻探、钻孔电视与煤田测井3种方法对济宁煤田某煤矿覆岩采动裂隙进行探测与分析。结果表明：缓倾斜（煤层平均倾角6°）、深埋（平均埋深538 m）、采留比1：2（采50 m留100 m）的条带式采动下,覆岩“三带”特征显著,空间整体呈“波浪式”破坏形态,地下采空区无明显空洞;垮落带发育高度为8.45 m,为采高的3.0倍,断裂带发育高度为57.55 m,为采高的20.6倍;覆岩“三带”发育高度判别的8个量化指标中,钻孔电视法比工程地质钻探法、煤田测井法精确度高。探测结果较为准确可靠,为深部条带采空塌陷区治理方案的选择提供依据。