现行几个主要产流模型的剖析

目前广泛应用的几个主要产流模型各有特点，但以往对它们的综合比较及其相互关系研究得不多，从而造成了用户选择模型的困难。通过深入剖析与对比，搞清了这几个模型之间的联系与区别，以及应用中需要注意的问题，一般情况下，应优选用综合产流模型。     

Stability of waste spoils in an area strip mine—geological and geotechnical considerations

Results of investigations into the stability of coal mine spoil consisting of thick clay, saturated sand, and shale overburden in an areal strip mine are presented. Atterberg limits, particle size distributions, and compaction tests were performed to provide index characteristics of the materials. Unconsolidated undrained and consolidated undrained triaxial compression test results on 10·2 cm diameter samples of compacted shale and shale-soil mixtures were used to investigate the short-term and the long-term conditions respectively of the spoil slope. There is evidence that the failure envelope of mine spoil made up of shale or shale-soil mixture is curved. However, stability analyses reveal that the use of strength parameters defined by a linear Mohr-Coulomb envelope yields results that are comparable with those obtained when the non-linear failure envelope is used, provided that such strength parameters are defined at the operating normal stress level on the failure surface. The study illustrates a very good case of spoil instability resulting from very thick overburden soils of low strength and high water content. Results show that the key to achieving stability in such areas lies in an almost total segregation of the soils from the rocks.     

洮儿河扇形地修建地下水库可行性研究

利用大量实际资料,采用GMS软件建立了白城市洮儿河扇形地立体地质模型,系统研究了区域水文地质条件,应用Surfer软件,采用含水层体积法和水层厚度法计算了地下水库的储存空间,采用动态资料推求、野外试验和室内实验等多种方法确定了主要水文地质参数,重点分析计算了洮儿河扇形地作为地下水库的储水空间、补给水源和调蓄能力,讨论了在该区修建地下水库的可行性及其效果,提出扇形地地下水库设计与建设的有关建议。     

基于矢量的WebGIS用户响应时间问题的若干研究

在ＷｅｂＧＩＳ中,为了减少用户响应时间,需要对服务器端、数据传输、客户端的数据组织和操作进行各种处理,对响应的数据压缩、动态调度、缓存等技术手段作了分析和总结。     

业务流程个性化和可视化的实现

引入面向对象设计的思想，提出了业务流程组件的概念，通过通用的业务流程组件的建模，并将其参数化而使得业务流程平台成为根据用户权限而可以自由进行可视化组装的工作平台。设计了新的会商流程，实现了天气预报会商的多媒体化，同时输出多媒体的天气预报幻灯片，作为台站之间交流的信息产品。     

Complex exposure histories of chert clasts in the late Pleistocene shorelines of Lake Lisan,southern Israel

Activities of ²⁶Al and ¹⁰Be in five chert clasts sampled from two beach ridges of late Pleistocene Lake Lisan, precursor of the Dead Sea in southern Israel, indicate low rates of chert bedrock erosion and complex exposure, burial, and by inference, transport histories. The chert clasts were derived from the Senonian Mishash Formation, a chert‐bearing chalk, which is widely exposed in the Nahal Zin drainage basin, the drainage system that supplied most of the material to the beach ridges. Simple exposure ages, assuming only exposure at the beach ridge sampling sites, range from 35 to 354 ky; using the ratio ²⁶Al/¹⁰Be, total clast histories range from 0·46 to 4·3 My, unrelated to the clasts' current position and exposure period on the late Pleistocene beach ridges, 160–177 m below sea level. Optically stimulated luminescence dating of fine sediments from the same and nearby beach ridges yielded ages of 20·0 ± 1·4 ka and 36·1 ± 3·3 ka. These ages are supported by the degree of soil development on the beach ridges and correspond well with previously determined ages of Lake Lisan, which suggest that the lake reached its highest stand around 27 000 cal. years BP . If the clasts were exposed only once and than buried beyond the range of significant cosmogenic nuclide production, then the minimum initial exposure and the total burial times before delivery to the beach ridge are in the ranges 50–1300 ky and 390–3130 ky respectively. Alternatively, the initial cosmogenic dosing could have occurred during steady erosion of the source bedrock. Back calculating such rates of rock erosion suggests values between 0·4 and 12 m My^?1. The relatively long burial periods indicate extended sediment storage as colluvium on slopes and/or as alluvial deposits in river terraces. Some clasts may have been stored for long periods in abandoned Pliocene and early Pleistocene routes of Nahal Zin to the Mediterranean before being transported again back into the Nahal Zin drainage system and washed on to the shores of Lake Lisan during the late Pleistocene. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

CZM-2型恒流自动充电器

介绍了CZM—2型恒流器自动充电器的主要特性、电路工作原理、安装和调试方法。     

热带太平洋上层热力状况季节变化的正压特征——海表至深400m热储量的季节变化

使用斯克里普斯海洋研究所（SIO）整编的海洋上层（海表至400m）热储量资料，研究了热带太平洋上层热力状况季节变化的正压特征，指出与SST的分布不同，热储量在北纬5°N～10°N之间有一东西贯穿整个太平洋的带状热储量低值区，其季节变化率的分布特征分为两种，一是11月至2月为代表的“北半球冬季型”和5～8月的“北半球夏季型”，3月、4月和9月、10月为过渡阶段. 北半球10°N和2°N的季节变率的时间变化反位相，南半球的10°S、2°S?其季节变率随时间变化的位相则比较一致且与沿10°N位相大致相反. 东太平洋季节变化明显早于中、西太平洋，具有明显自东向西传播的特征. 10°S与10°N之间东、西太平洋的季节变率随时间的演变也基本上呈现反位相特征.     

DESIGN OF SLIT DAMS FOR CONTROLLING STONY DEBRIS FLOWS

1 INTRODUCTION Stony debris flows are natural, highly concentrated water-sediment mixture, which forms wherever the simultaneous availability of water, debris material and an adequate slope, steeper than o10 are satisfied (Gregoretti, 2000). In mountainous regions of Taiwan, due to vast development and utilization of hills, stony debris flows are important from the point of disaster prevention, since they occur frequently and often bring about heavy loss of lives and properties. Therefo…     

南水北调中线工程地下水库的基本特征与调控管理

根据南水北调河南受水区的地下水资源分布和开发利用现状,划分了3类5型15处地下调蓄水库的有利地段,初步计算了规划库容、最佳调控水量,提出了地下水调蓄水库水源调控及管理措施。