一种实用的等值线型数据网格化方法

数据网格化通常包括三大类:测线型数据网格化、等值线型数据网格化和离散点型数据网格化。文中研究的等值线型数据分块存储、网格点八方位搜索插值的网格化方法较好地解决了平面等值线型数字化数据的网格化计算问题,其计算数据量大,实用性强,精度高,计算速度快。     

海河流域平原浅层地下水消耗与可持续利用

通过对海河流域平原区地下水储量消耗过程、空间分布及机理研究,揭示了区内地下水系统与相邻层圈之间水分通量因人为活动影响而发生剧变的规律,并在现状开采与补给条件下警告性预测了地下水资源可持续利用前景.     

核转变能与理论地质年表

本文讨论了地球内部长寿期放射性同位素衰变能的存量 ,给出地球脉动频率和频数公式 ,并据以重新建立了理论地质年表 ,解释了地球自转变化、地磁场倒转和黄赤交角变化等。     

必须重视大型石油储罐的抗震问题

地震灾害是各种自然灾害中最大的一种灾害，而大型石油储罐则是石油化工设备中震害最大设备，因此必须重视大型油罐的抗震问题，本文从油罐的几何形状的荷载特征等方面说明了油罐震害之所以特别大的主要原因；指出了油罐的主要震害；并从四个方面说明了油罐的抗震理论是非常复杂的。     

Experimental constraints on pre-eruptive water contents and changing magma storage prior to explosive eruptions of Mount St Helens volcano

Compositionally diverse dacitic magmas have erupted from Mount St Helens over the last 4000 years. Phase assemblages and their compositions in these dacites provide information about the composition of the pre-eruptive melt, the phases in equilibrium with that melt and the magmatic temperature. From this information pre-eruptive pressures and water fugacities of many of the dacites have been inferred. This was done by conducting hydrothermal experiments at 850°C and a range of pressures and water fugacities and combining the results with those from experiments at temperatures of 780 and 920°C, to cover the likely range in equilibration conditions of the dacites. Natural phase assemblages and compositions were compared with the experimental results to infer the most likely conditions for the magmas prior to eruption. Water contents disolved in the melts of the dacites were then estimated from the inferred conditions. Water contents in the dacites have varied greatly, from 3.7 to 6.5 wt.%, in the last 4000 years. Between 4000 and about 3000 years ago the dacites tended to be water saturated and contained 5.5 to 6.5 wt.% water. Since then, however, the dacites have been significantly water-undersaturated and contained less than 5.0 wt.% water. These dacites have tended to be hotter and more mafic, and andesitic and basaltic magmas have erupted. These changes can be explained by variable amounts of mixing between felsic dacite and basalt, to produce hotter, drier and more mafic dacites and andesites. The magma storage region of the dacitic magmas has also varied significantly during the 4000 years, with shifts to shallower levels in the crust occurring within very short time periods, possibly even two years. These shifts may be related to fracturing of overlying roof rock as a result of magma with-drawal during larger volume eruptions.     

地幔中水的赋存状态的研究进展

地幔水不仅对地球物理场的性质有重要影响，而且对地球化学动力学，地幔横向不均一性、地幔对流、低速层、板块俯冲、相平衡、熔融行为、深部地质灾害以及成矿作用等都具有重要意义，因此，地幔水的研究早已引起人们的重视。为了探讨水在地幔过程中的作用，必须搞清楚水的赋存状态。研究表明，地幔中水的储存形式主要有三种：以ＯＨ形式储存的矿物中，以自由相形式存在以及溶解在熔体中，本文对地幔中水的赋存状态研究进展作了综述，     

洞庭湖蓄洪能力讨论

洞庭湖蓄洪能力具有重要的意义。首先,洞庭湖是湘、资、沅、澧四水洪峰的汇流中心,它的蓄洪能力直接关系到缓和洞庭湖自身流域的洪峰压力。其次,作为长江的支流湖,洞庭湖的蓄洪能力也间接关系到长江流域的蓄水系数,从而关系到缓和长江下游的洪水水位。在洞庭湖现有泄流系数不变的情况下,要增加洞庭湖的蓄洪能力,主要靠扩大蓄洪区和加高堤垸防洪高度。由于这两者都存在天然限制,所以不可偏废,只可兼顾。     

羊坪水库蓄放水量变化对永胜地震台形变观测的影响

永胜地震台形变观测资料存在年变现象,为分析年变影响因素,基于该台形变观测数据,与台站东北方向的羊坪水库蓄放水数据进行相关性分析,结果表明,永胜地震台形变观测资料(除分量应变外)的年变形态,主要由羊坪水库的蓄、放水引起。     

平面控制网网点优化排序研究

本文利用法方程系数阵的稀疏性,将Banker算法和RCM算法应用于平面控制网数据处理,实现网点自动优化排序,压缩了法方程系数阵的存贮空间。借助于各类平面网平差模型对Banker 算法和RCM算法进行了比较、分析。采用优化排序算法不仅能扩大微机的解算容量,同时也提高了解算速度,减少了计算过程中的舍入误差,且适用于任意平面网、高程网,GPS网的自动化数据处理。     

From data gathering to resources assessment: A holistic view of petroleum geology

To integrate geological data to obtain an interpretation of the geology and natural resources of an area, we need a methodology that provides a holistic approach, addressing all basic issues in geological relations as well as uncertainties that arise with the evolution of basic geological knowledge of an area.In spite of the major role played by geoinformatics—the application of mathematics, statistics, and computer science to solve geological problems—we do not yet have a properly designed method for organizing geological data, including raw data, conceptual models, modeling results, and geological integration. Such a rapid method should provide for updating of existing interpretations based on new data or new theories.A systematic view of data integration and interpretation is important in petroleum exploration and petroleum engineering. We point out the more striking tools already available but of restricted use and some of the possible solutions for known problems that still require research and development.