台湾东北海域冷涡及其变异的遥感信息研究--Ⅰ.冷涡的季节性变化

利用NOAA卫星AVHRR传感器反演的MCSST图像 ,分析了台湾东北海域冷涡的季节变化。结果表明 :( 1 )台湾东北海域冷涡终年存在 ,出现在彭佳屿附近海域、台湾岛北部沿岸海域和东岸北部沿岸海域 3处 ,夏、秋季有 3涡或双涡并存现象。 ( 2 )彭佳屿附近海域冷涡 ,最早出现于 3月底 ,最迟发生于 1 1月中 ,冬季消失 ,表层形态、尺度、位置和强度有明显的季节性变化。 ( 3)冷涡的季节性变化可能与黑潮锋面弯曲的摆动和台湾海峡水入侵东海陆架间的动力平衡有关。     

Microstructure characteristics of illite from Chuanlinggou Formation of Changcheng System in Jixian County, Tianjin City

The microstructure charateristics of illite from the Chuanlinggou Formation of Changcheng System (Chch) in Jixian County, Tianjin City has been studied by means of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), X-ray energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The Kübler index of "illite crystallinity" is 0.505°△2θ, which indicates that the host rock is in a middle diagenetic stage. The chemical analyses of EDS for illite studied indicate a heavily absent in interlayer cation and an average chemical formula of K0.57(Al1.80Mg0.42Fe2 0.12)Σ=2.34 (Si2.92Al1.08)Σ=4O10(OH)2. It is found, from one-dimensional lattice images, that the layers of illite not only stack in a flat way but also in a curving way. A "matting fabric" illite structure results from stacking faults. Combined with SAED analysis the illite studied can be affirmed as 1M illite. The two-dimensional lattice images are obtained from [100] and [110] incidences, whose lattice images have the same d-values but different intersecting angles. The two-dimensional lattice image with [100] incidence is orthogonal to each other, whilst that with [110] incidence is oblique. This paper provides some important structure information of authigenic clay minerals for the well-known mesoproterozoic section of Jixian County.     

多源遥感影像融合在城市地图快速更新中的应用

当前采用遥感技术可以获得同一地区用不同传感器，在不同空间、不同时间、不同波谱分辨率的遥感数据。充分利用这些数据，把不同的遥感数据和非遥感数据融合在一起应用，可以有效地提高城市地图更新时效性和精度。     

Object-oriented extraction of beach morphology from video images

The ARGUS system is a shore-based, optical video system offering a suitable remote sensing technique for the purpose of long-term, high-resolution monitoring of coastal morphodynamics. Ten-minute time-exposure (timex) images obtained by the ARGUS cameras during low tide show the intertidal morphology (bars, troughs and rips) by the differences between water, wet sand and dry sand, where dry sand represents bars, and wet sand and water represent troughs and rips. A semi-automatic object-oriented algorithm was developed for classification of intertidal beach in low-tide video images and was tested on 13 low-tide ARGUS images collected at Noordwijk aan Zee, The Netherlands. Because of the strong relation between the visual observations and object-oriented image analysis, the ARGUS images are subdivided in small homogeneous areas (i.e. objects) by segmentation. Maximum likelihood classification creates a model for each day using a random selection of the objects, which are manually labelled, and their accompanying variables. Of the three classes, class wet sand had a classification fit of 43.4% when compared to an in situ classification; class water was correctly classified for 90.1% and dry sand could be classified best (92.8%). By combining their cross-shore position and their classification, objects can be directly linked with the respective morphological features.     

1997年玛尼79级地震的构造环境和地表破裂带特征

1997年11月8日西藏玛尼79级地震发生在羌塘盆地北缘.本文利用LANDSAT影像，研究地震的地质构造背景，研究表明玛尼79级地震发生在NEE向玛尔盖茶卡—若拉错断裂带上，这是一条全新世明显活动的地壳深断裂.利用CBERS_1影像，研究地震地表破裂带的几何特征，100000分之一CBERS_1影像上由地震裂缝、地震陡坎和断塞塘组合显示的线性影像清楚地反映出地震地表主破裂带的形迹，可有效地进行破裂带的分段和长度量测.结果表明玛尼79级地震形成的地震地表主破裂带西起羌塘盆地北缘，绥加山南麓的白雪湖湖积平原上，向东延伸到双端湖西岸，长110km，走向N70 80°E.可分为白雪湖—玛尔盖茶卡、玛尔盖茶卡—朝阳湖、朝阳湖—双端湖３段.多时相MSS、TM影像分析表明，1997年玛尼79级地震是先存地震地表破裂带再次破裂的结果.     

实例分析遥感图像处理中的主成分分析

主成份分析是建立在统计特征基础上的多维(如多波段)正交线性变换。它是遥感图像处理中最常用也是最有用的变换算法之一。本文研究了主成份分析的原理、几何解释与计算过程,并用遥感影像和数据加以说明。     

基于动力演化算法的投影寻踪在高光谱影像异常目标检测中的应用

运用基于波段间相关性的高光谱影像波段选取方法进行波段的预选取．采用投影寻踪的方法在动力演化算法的基础上寻找最佳投影方向．将高维数据投影至低维数据空间．在各投影分量图像上采用零点检测阈值化的方法进行异常目标的提取。实验结果表明了基于动力演化算法的投影寻踪在高光谱影像异常目标检测中的有效性。     

学习向量量化神经网络在多波束底质分类中的应用研究

利用多波束测深系统获取的反向散射强度数据，应用学习向量量化（learning vector quantization，LVQ）神经网络分类方法实现了对海底砂、砾石和基岩等底质类型的快速、有效的识别。通过比较，证明了该方法能较好地区分出不同海底底质类型。     

多源遥感影像融合及其关键技术探讨

简述了多源遥感影像融合过程、三种融合层次及其优缺点；具体描述了常用的八种融合方法；根据近来多源遥感影像融合研究状况，提出了融合中需进一步研究的关键技术。     

塔里木盆地一次浮尘天气的卫星云图特征

根据常规气象观测资料、GMS-5静止气象卫星的红外云图和可见光图像，分析了1999年4月25至5月4日塔里木盆地浮尘天气。分析结果表明，红外云图和可见光图像能够监测盆地浮尘的变化，浮尘呈灰色，纹理均匀，边界清晰。浮尘区的TBB在0～-15℃之间变化，与地面能见度有着较好的对应关系，大范围浮尘区的反射率在30％～36％之间，浮尘区反射率等值线稀疏，云区反射率等值线密集。