利用锁眼卫星影像提取历史地震同震位移——以1976年土耳其Chaldiran地震为例

大地震的地表破裂及形变特征对研究地震成因机制、断层运动及大陆变形具有重要意义.随着卫星技术的日益成熟,自1992年美国加州Landers地震以来,光学和雷达影像被广泛应用于同震破裂、震后形变等定量研究.然而,由于缺乏更早之前的影像资料,90年代以前的历史地震研究无法深入.美国锁眼卫星KH-9影像的公开解决了震前卫星影像...     

Stereo analysis of high-resolution SAR images for building height estimation in cases of orthogonal aspect directions

SAR stereo image analysis for 3D information extraction is mostly carried out based on imagery taken under same-side or opposite-side viewing conditions. For urban scenes in practice stereo is up to now usually restricted to the first configuration, because increasing image dissimilarity connected with rising illumination direction differences leads to a lack of suitable features for matching, especially in the case of low or medium resolution data. However, due to two developments SAR stereo from arbitrary viewing conditions becomes an interesting option for urban information extraction. The first one is the availability of airborne sensor systems, which are capable of more flexible data acquisition in comparison to satellite sensors. This flexibility enables multi-aspect analysis of objects in built-up areas for various kinds of purpose, such as building recognition, road network extraction, or traffic monitoring. The second development is the significant improvement of the geometric resolution providing a high level of detail especially of roof features, which can be observed from a wide span of viewpoints. In this paper, high-resolution SAR images of an urban scene are analyzed in order to infer buildings and their height from the different layover effects in views taken from orthogonal aspect angles. High level object matching is proposed that relies on symbolic data, representing suitable features of urban objects. Here, a knowledge-based approach is applied, which is realized by a production system that codes a set of suitable principles of perceptual grouping in its production rules. The images are analyzed separately for the presence of certain object groups and their characteristics frequently appearing on buildings, such as salient rows of point targets, rectangular structures or symmetries. The stereo analysis is then accomplished by means of productions that combine and match these 2D image objects and infer their height by 3D clustering. The approach is tested using real SAR data of an urban scene.     

10m级分辨率卫星影像道路语义模型研究

道路模型是遥感影像自动/半自动道路提取中重点研究的内容。本文首先介绍了传统的影像道路模型并指出其中不足,从语义的角度阐述了建立道路语义模型的必要性,概述了10m级分辨率卫星遥感影像道路的表现特征,分析了遥感影像道路提取涉及的各层次语义信息,建立了面向10m级分辨率卫星遥感影像的道路语义模型,详细阐述了语义模型的实现过程。将语义模型应用于笔者开发的遥感影像道路提取系统,通过新疆阿图什Spot5多光谱遥感影像道路提取试验,验证了道路语义模型的有效合理性。     

遥感影像三维可视化在岩溶漏斗解译中的应用

岩溶漏斗是碳酸盐地区一种常见的地质现象,对工程建设具有重大影响。因此,查清其数量和分布特征对工程建设具有重大意义;传统的岩溶漏斗调查主要通过地面实地考察,工作量大、周期长,本文基于高精度地形图(1∶2 500)和遥感影像,实现了遥感影像三维可视化,真实地再现了地表现实景观,对漏斗调查具有较高解译效率和精度,为工程建设提供了相对准确可靠的地质灾害信息,可有效指导工程设计与施工,对岩溶地区岩溶漏斗调查提供了一种新的技术方法。     

Modelling the temporal variation in snow-covered area derived from satellite images for simulating/forecasting of snowmelt runoff in Turkey/Modélisation de la variation temporelle de la surface enneigée à partir d'images satellitaires pour la simulation/prévision de l'écoulement de fonte nivale en Turquie

Abstract

Monitoring the change of snow-covered area (SCA) in a basin is vitally important for optimum operation of water resources, where the main contribution comes from snowmelt. A methodology for obtaining the depletion pattern of SCA, which is based on satellite image observations where mean daily air temperature is used, is applied for the 1997 water year and tested for the 1998 water year. The study is performed at the Upper Euphrates River basin in Turkey (10 216 km²). The major melting period in this basin starts in early April. The cumulated mean daily air temperature (CMAT) is correlated to the depletion of snow-covered area with the start of melting. The analysis revealed that SCA values obtained from NOAA-AVHRR satellite images are exponentially correlated to CMAT for the whole basin in a lumped manner, where R ² values of 0.98 and 0.99 were obtained for the water years 1997 and 1998, respectively. The applied methodology enables the interpolation between the SCA observations and extrapolation. Such a procedure reduces the number of satellite images required for analysis and provides solution for the cloud-obscured images. Based on the image availability, the effect of the number of images on the quality of snowmelt runoff simulations is also discussed. In deriving the depletion curve for SCA, if the number of images is reduced, the timing of image analysis within the snowmelt period is found very important. Analysis of the timing of satellite images indicated that images from the early and middle parts of the melt period are more important.     

基于深度学习和高分遥感影像的青藏高原东部融冻泥流阶地提取研究

融冻泥流阶地是一种典型的斜坡冷生型冰缘地貌,在青藏高原东部发现大量古融冻泥流阶地,其空间分布对于重建该区古多年冻土分布和古气候环境具有重要意义。融冻泥流阶地纹理复杂、几何形态不一、表面覆盖多样化,导致融冻泥流阶地遥感解译和自动提取困难,然而,深度学习方法能获取上下文多尺度语义信息,提高特征表达的能力,为融冻泥流阶地的大范围提取提供了重要手段。因此,本文提出了一种基于DeepLab V3+深度学习模型和高分辨率光学遥感影像的融冻泥流阶地自动提取方法,并在四川甘孜州新都桥周边地区开展了实验研究。结果表明：与人工解译结果对比,本方法提取结果的综合精度达到0.68以上,并经野外调查验证了其有效性;在该区共识别了9 203条融冻泥流阶地,主要分布在新都桥镇附近的山谷两侧;泥流阶地主要朝西北方向,坡度集中分布在20°~25°,海拔高程大部分位于3 650~3 750 m间,主要地表覆盖类型是草地。     

Surface velocity monitoring of Skamri Glacier from 2018 to 2021 based on Landsat-8 images北大核心CSCD

Skamri Glacier is the largest glacier in China, and it is a surge-type glacier. The study on the charac⁃ teristics of glacial movement is of great significance for early warning of glacial disasters caused by glacier surge. In this paper, 20 pairs of Landsat-8 images from 2018 to 2021 were selected to extract the surface veloci⁃ ty of Skamri Glacier using optical image feature tracking method, analyze the uncertainty of velocity, and ana⁃ lyze the temporal and spatial changes characteristics of velocity of the glacier. The results show that there are ob⁃ vious spatial differences in the surface velocity of Skamri Glacier. During the period from January 2018 to June 2019, the velocity of the south tributary of Skamri Glacier is much greater than that of its north tributary（west）, while during the period from June 2019 to November 2021, it presents completely opposite spatial characteris⁃ tics, which is mainly due to the sudden increase of the velocity of the north tributary（west）in June 2019. Ac⁃ cording to the results of velocity changes from 2018 to 2021, it is found that the north tributary（west）surges in June 2019 and is still in the surge period until November 2021. The north tributary（west）glacier terminus will advance about 320 m towards the main glacier from August 2020 to September 2021;The velocity of the south tributary has been very large during the study period, and the maximum velocity reaches 441 m·a-1;The veloci⁃ ty of the north tributary（east）of Skamri Glacier increased sharply in July 2021, and the tributary may surge;The velocity of the main glacier of Skamri Glacier increased significantly after the confluence of the south tribu⁃ tary and the surge of the two north tributaries. In addition, there are temporal and spatial differences in the eleva⁃ tion distribution of the maximum velocity of the main glacier and its tributaries in this area. © 2022 Science Press (China). All rights reserved.     

一种具有仿射不变性的倾斜影像快速匹配方法

提出了一种较为快速且具有仿射不变性的倾斜影像匹配方法。通过估算影像的相机轴定向参数计算出初始仿射矩阵,通过逆仿射变换得到纠正影像,对纠正影像进行SIFT匹配。首先利用比值提纯法(NNDR)、归一化互相关(NCC)测度约束和左右一致性检验得到粗匹配点对,由粗匹配点对利用RANSAC方法计算出基本矩阵F和单应矩阵H。匹配时,匹配策略采用最邻近匹配,并利用极线约束、单应矩阵约束、NCC测度约束和主方向差值一致性约束剔除误匹配。通过对三组典型的倾斜影像数据进行试验,试验表明该方法匹配准确率高,匹配点对较为密集、均匀,且效率较高。     

基于混合像元灰度分布的提高点位平面精度方法

随着卫星遥感技术的日趋发展与成熟,利用卫星影像进行测绘生产也越来越重要。由于卫星影像与传统航空影像不同,当运用现有的测图相关技术手段将数字影像放大到像元级别以寻找控制点位时,受传感器随机分割生成的像元以及周围地物的影响,无法在一系列混合像元中准确进行控制点的定位和量测,增加了航测绘图产品的误差。为此,设计了一种用于数字摄影测量且不同于现有航测规范中所涉及的地面标志,并提出了基于该种标志的点位偏移量解算方法。该算法解决了在数字影像上寻找点位困难问题的同时提高了单点的定位精度。最后,通过Geo Eye-1卫星立体像对的定位实验验证了该方法的实用性和准确性。     

基于QuickBird影像的城市高大地物阴影检测方法

针对利用高分辨率遥感影像检测阴影时受水体和偏蓝色地物影像的影响问题,提出了一种主成分变换和多波段运算相结合的阴影检测方法。首先,统计、分析了Quick Bird影像中阴影、水体及建筑物等典型地物的光谱特征;然后,基于主成分变换和多波段运算相结合的方法识别阴影区域和非阴影区域,并利用多峰直方图阈值算法对阴影进行自动检测;最后,利用形态学滤波算法对检测结果进行后处理。实验结果表明,该方法对Quick Bird影像中的阴影提取具有较高的精度、效率和普适性。