Several strategies on 3D modeling of manmade objects

Several different strategies of 3D modeling are adopted for different kinds of manmade objects. Firstly, for those mammade objects with regular structure, if 2D information is available and elevation information can be obtained conveniently, then 3D modeling of them can be executed directly. Secondly, for those mammade objects with complicated structure comparatively and related stereo images pair can be acquired, in the light of topology-based 3D model we finish 3D modeling of them by integrating automatic and semi-automatic object extraction. Thirdly, for the most complicated objects whose geometrical information cannot be got from stereo images pair completely, we turn to topological 3D model based on CAD.     

Change detection from aerial images acquired in different durations

Because of quick development of cities, the update of urban GIS data is very important. Change detection is the base of automatic or semi-automatic data update. One way of change detections in urban area is based on old and new aerial images acquired in different durations. The corresponding theory and experiments are introduced and analyzed in this paper. The main procedure includes four stages. The new and old images have to be registered firstly. Then image matching, based on the maximum correlation coefficient, is performed between registered images after the low contrast areas have been removed. The regions with low matching quality are extracted as candidate changed areas. Thirdly, the Gaussian-Laplacian operator is used to detect edges in candidate changed areas on both the registered images, and the straight lines are detected by Hough transformation. Finally, the changed houses and roads can be detected on the basis of straight line matching in candidate changed areas between registered images. Some experimental results show that the method introduced in this paper is effective.     

Two Mediterranean irrigation communities in front of water scarcity: A comparison using satellite image time series

Although a number of studies have analysed the methods to monitor crop water needs, the integration of phenological dynamics and irrigation using water stored in reservoirs has received little attention. This study is an example of such analysis applied to two irrigation communities (IC) located in a Spanish Mediterranean area, one with less water resources than the other, which it was carried out between 2002 and 2008. These years comprised periods of water surplus and water scarcity including the 2007–2008 drought considered by the Catalan public water authority the worst since 1944. The dynamics of maize, alfalfa, fruit trees and poplars were analysed using greenness and wetness extracted from remote sensing data. A statistical analysis was applied in order to find out the relationship between crop wetness and stored water. Results show that the IC used two methods for water-saving: crop substitution, by decreasing the area of maize, and timing the crop cycle, delaying or advancing sowing depending on water availability. In conclusion although one IC is drier in rainfall terms than the other, a similar crop wetness status was detected and no difference was observed between periods of water scarcity and water surplus.     

激光拉曼、阴极荧光研究对蜕晶化锆石及其 U-Pb 年龄解释的指示意义

通过对3个不同程度蜕晶化锆石样品的激光拉曼光谱,阴极荧光图像(CL)和U-Pb年龄特征进行对比分析,笔者发现锆石CL图像和激光拉曼光谱测试对蜕晶化锆石及其U-Pb年龄解释有很好的指示作用,因此强调加强矿物内部结构的研究,建议锆石激光拉曼测试、阴极荧光观察及锆石U-Pb同位素测试相结合分析锆石U-Pb年龄数据.     

一种基于物方几何约束的线阵推扫式影像坐标反投影计算的快速算法

根据物点坐标计算其对应的像点坐标即坐标反投影计算,是线阵推扫式影像处理的基础.由于线阵推扫式影像多中心成像的特点,必须通过迭代计算物点在成像时刻对应的扫描行,然后再精确计算物点对应的像点坐标,因此,坐标反投影计算的效率直接影响线阵推扫式影像的处理效率.本文提出一种基于物方几何约束的线阵推扫式影像坐标反投影计算的快速算法.该算法采用了一种高效的基于物方投影几何约束的最佳扫描线搜索策略,基于线阵推扫式影像特有的摄影几何约束,将传统的基于CCD探元焦平面坐标约束的像方迭代搜索过程,转化为基于各扫描行中心投影面约束关系的物方简单几何计算的搜索过程,从而有效地避免了传统像方搜索策略中基于严密传感器数学模型的繁琐计算,有效减少了最佳扫描线搜索的计算量.通过对机载和星载推扫式影像数据的实验,验证了该算法的可行性、精确性和高效性.     

面向无缝影像数据库应用的一种新的光学遥感影像色彩平衡方法

 针对建立大型无缝影像数据库的影像数据特点，在深入分析与比较现有处理方法的基础上，基于Wallis变换，提出了一种改进的色彩平衡处理方法。该方法可以兼顾整体信息与局部信息，在处理大型无缝影像数据库色彩平衡问题时，既可以减小每张影像的处理误差，又可以消除处理误差的空间传递和积累问题，还便于辐射分辨率的保持。实验表明，该方法可以有效解决大型无缝影像数据库的色彩平衡问题。     

卫星热红外图像与震兆异常——澜沧地震前热红外图像的启示

本文基于1988年11月6日21时澜沧7.6级地震前的气象台站地面观测温度与相近时刻卫星热红外资料,分析了热红外图像与构造、岩性、地貌及气象等的关系,阐述了震兆增温异常与正常情况下的区别,初步总结了利用热红外图像的时、空动态变化特征捕捉地震临震前兆的方法和体会。     

Shallow Seismic Velocity Structure of the Betic Cordillera (Southern Spain) from Modelling of Rayleigh Wave Dispersion

A detailed dispersion analysis of Rayleigh waves generated by local earthquakes and occasionally by blasts that occurred in southern Spain, was undertaken to obtain the shear-wave velocity structure of the region at shallow depth. Our database includes seismograms generated by 35 seismic events that were recorded by 15 single-component short-period stations from 1990 to 1995. All these events have focal depths less than 10 km and body-wave magnitudes between 3.0 and 4.0, and they were all recorded at distances between 40 and 300 km from the epicentre. We analysed a total of 90 source-station Rayleigh-wave paths. The collected data were processed by standard digital filtering techniques to obtain Rayleigh-wave group-velocity dispersion measurements. The path-averaged group velocities vary from 1.12 to 2.25 km/s within the 1.0-6.0 s period interval. Then, using a stochastic inversion approach we obtained 1-D shear-wave velocity–depth models across the study area, which were resolved to a depth of circa 5 km. The inverted shear-wave velocities range approximately between 1.0 and 3.8 km/s with a standard deviation range of 0.05–0.16 km/s, and show significant variations from region to region. These results were combined to produce 3-D images via volumetric modelling and data visualization. We present images that show different shear velocity patterns for the Betic Cordillera. Looking at the velocity distribution at various depths and at vertical sections, we discuss of the study area in terms of subsurface structure and S-wave velocity distribution (low velocity channels, basement depth, etc.) at very shallow depths (0–5 km). Our results characterize the region sufficiently and lead to a correlation of shear-wave velocity with the different geological units features.     

高分辨率卫星遥感数据在土地利用动态监测中的应用研究

选择土地利用变化类型较多的北京市大兴区为试验区,通过分析印度IRS、韩国KOMPSAT-1、美国IKONOS等高分辨率卫星数据的获取途径、覆盖周期、卫星运行状况、监测成本估算、技术条件和设备要求,对其在土地利用动态监测中的可行性进行了研究;测算了高分辨率卫星数据的主要技术参数;分析原始图像上各主要土地类型的灰度分布范围及其直方图特征,总结不同土地利用覆盖类型与融合图像变化信息的光谱特征。通过精度测算,确定了最大成图比例尺。比较利用高分辩率卫星IRS、KOMPSAT-1和SPOT与陆地卫星TM多光谱数据组合的土地利用动态监测结果(识别率、判对率、图斑边界吻合精度、可监测的最小图斑面积等),确定了不同高分辨率卫星数据与TM多光谱卫星数据组合后对土地利用类型的识别能力,建立了土地利用动态监测解译标志。在解决了若干关键技术问题的基础上,形成了一套可推广的、实用的技术方法和工作流程.     

REGRESSION ON MULTIVARIATE IMAGES:PRINCIPAL COMPONENT REGRESSION FOR MODELING,PREDICTION AND VISUAL DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS

Regression between two blocks(usually called‘dependent’or Y and‘independent’or X)of data is a veryimportant scientific and data-analytical tool.Regression on multivariate images is possible and constitutesa meaningful addition to existing univariate and multivariate techniques of image analysis.The regressioncan be used as a modeling tool or for prediction.The form of the regression equation chosen is dependentupon problem specification and information at hand.This paper describes the use of principal componentregression(PCR).Both model building and prediction are presented for continuous Y-variables.The finalgoal is to supply new image material that can be used for visual inspection on a screen.Also,visual toolsfor diagnosis of model and prediction are provided,often based on derived image material.Examplesof modeling and prediction are given for six channels in a seven-channel satellite image