大比例尺全野外数字化测图

全野外数字化测图的基本思想是将野外采集的各种有关地物和地貌信息转化为数字形式,通过数据接口传输给计算机进行处理,得到内容丰富的电子地图,需要时由电子计算机的图形输出设备(如显示器、绘图仪)绘出地形图或各种专题地图。     

一致性哈希算法在数据库集群上的拓展应用

在数据库集群的研究中,可扩展性是一个重要的性能指标。为实现在数据高速增长或部分集群服务器故障情况下,数据依然能够快速、可靠、安全的分布到新的集群服务器节点上的目的,就必须合理设置数据划分的策略。将Key-Value存储技术中使用的一致性哈希算法思想借鉴运用到并行分析型数据库集群中,提出针对大规模结构化类特殊数据的一致性哈希划分方法,并在MapReduce框架下设计具体的数据划分方案。最后,以TPC-DS作为测试基准,与同类系统进行性能对比测试,实验结果表明方案不仅有良好的划分性能,且扩展性也较好。     

数字地球中影像数据的Zipf-like访问分布及应用分析

在数字地球GlobeSIGht系统中,统计分析不同采集时间尺度的4个系统日志,得出了影像数据瓦片请求均符合幂律分布中的Zipf-like分布的结论。该结论有助于数字地球系统在诸如影像数据存储分布和缓存等方面的性能优化设计和分析。     

辽宁省“十五”数字化地磁数据分析系统

依据台站“十五”数字化地磁工作需求,结合地磁学科组运行管理的相关技术要求,研发辽宁省“十五”数字化地磁数据分析系统.该软件采用IDL作为开发语言,Oracle 10g数据库管理数据,主要包含用户管理模块、日志管理模块和数据管理模块3部分,具备数据实时处理、快速成像、操作简便、安全稳定等特点,可以有效解决目前台站地磁数据...     

东乌旗查干陶勒盖找矿远景区详查工作浅析

通过研究二连浩特—东乌旗地区高精度航空物探(磁、电、放)资料,圈定具有找矿潜力的重点远景区,然后开展1∶10000面积性地质调查、地面磁法、电法、化探等详查工作,辅以槽探、钻探等工程验证,取得了较好的找矿效果.这种找矿思路以较短的时间、较小的投入而迅速圈定矿产目标,被实践证实是可行、有效的.     

基于解释量版的渤海油田巨厚砂砾岩定量表征

渤海油田古近系三角洲沉积发育巨厚（大于100 m）的砂岩和砾岩储层,储层横向变化快,内部非均质性强,地震预测难题大。文章针对此类问题,提出一种基于厚度解释量版的砂砾岩定量表征方法。根据已有钻井资料建立井点处地质模型,结合已有地质资料分析储层可能的变化形式,形成地质模型库,对地质模型库进行正演获得相应的正演地震资料库,然后提取正演地震资料的反射振幅属性,建立不同砂砾岩变化形式下的厚度解释量版,最后提取实际地震资料的反射振幅属性,将其投射到厚度解释量版上,实现对巨厚砂砾岩储层的定量表征。该方法克服了常规地震反演、地震属性等方法难以有效刻画巨厚砂砾岩储层的难题,实现了对具有干涉效应的巨厚砂砾岩储层的厚度及其内部变化的精确定量表征。     

Detection and extraction of signals from the epoch of reionization using higher-order one-point statistics

Detecting redshifted 21-cm emission from neutral hydrogen in the early Universe promises to give direct constraints on the epoch of reionization (EoR). It will, though, be very challenging to extract the cosmological signal (CS) from foregrounds and noise which are orders of magnitude larger. Fortunately, the signal has some characteristics which differentiate it from the foregrounds and noise, and we suggest that using the correct statistics may tease out signatures of reionization. We generate mock data cubes simulating the output of the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) EoR experiment. These cubes combine realistic models for Galactic and extragalactic foregrounds and the noise with three different simulations of the CS. We fit out the foregrounds, which are smooth in the frequency direction, to produce residual images in each frequency band. We denoise these images and study the skewness of the one-point distribution in the images as a function of frequency. We find that, under sufficiently optimistic assumptions, we can recover the main features of the redshift evolution of the skewness in the 21-cm signal. We argue that some of these features – such as a dip at the onset of reionization, followed by a rise towards its later stages – may be generic, and give us a promising route to a statistical detection of reionization.     

地质资料存储方式的转变--浅谈地质资料光盘存储工作

本文分析了地质资料管理的现状;指出地质资料光盘存储是实现地质资料现代化管理的第一步,重点介绍了地质资料光盘存储工作的内容和过程,以及作者在工作实践中的几点体会;指出了地质资料光盘存储工作是实现地质资料存储方式转变,实现地宣现代化的重要基础。     

基于时空统计降尺度的淮河流域夏季分月降水概率预测

针对淮河流域水资源短缺、洪涝、干旱并存的问题,基于国家气候中心第二代季节气候模式的集合回报数据集(1991—2014年),建立时空相结合的统计降尺度模型,提前1—3个月预测该流域夏季分月降水,应用ROC(relative operating characteristics)评分评估比较了不同集合预测方案的预测技巧。交叉检验结果表明,样本数取18、20、22、28时,集合预测方案对3、4、5月三个起报时次预测的夏季各月降水技巧预测均高于模式预测技巧。2015—2017年的独立样本检验进一步表明该统计降尺度模型能够明显降低3月、5月起报的6月和8月的降水预测偏差。认为可尝试将该降尺度方法应用于淮河流域夏季降水预测及进一步的流域水文预测。     

Soil property variation mapping through data mining of soil category maps

Spatial information on soil properties is an important input to hydrological models. In current hydrological modelling practices, soil property information is often derived from soil category maps by the linking method in which a representative soil property value is linked to each soil polygon. Limited by the area‐class nature of soil category maps, the derived soil property variation is discontinuous and less detailed than high resolution digital terrain or remote sensing data. This research proposed dmSoil, a data‐mining‐based approach to derive continuous and spatially detailed soil property information from soil category maps. First, the soil–environment relationships are extracted through data mining of a soil map. The similarity of the soil at each location to different soil types in the soil map is then estimated using the mined relationships. Prediction of soil property values at each location is made by combining the similarities of the soil at that location to different soil types and the representative soil property values of these soil types. The new approach was applied in the Raffelson Watershed and Pleasant Valley in the Driftless Area of Wisconsin, United States to map soil A horizon texture (in both areas) and depth to soil C horizon (in Pleasant Valley). The property maps from the dmSoil approach capture the spatial gradation and details of soil properties better than those from the linking method. The new approach also shows consistent accuracy improvement at validation points. In addition to the improved performances, the inputs for the dmSoil approach are easy to prepare, and the approach itself is simple to deploy. It provides an effective way to derive better soil property information from soil category maps for hydrological modelling. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.