利用夜间灯光数据的城市群格局变化分析

针对传统的统计数据具有行政单元统计约束的缺点、DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据存在分辨率低、像元辐射值饱和的问题,该文使用NPP/VIIRS夜间灯光数据、城区边界、列车时刻表、百度地图API等数据,通过空间统计、标准差椭圆、位序-规模分布、空间联系测度研究中国九大城市群2012与2017年的空间格局变化。结果表明:长三角、珠三角、京津冀城市群的灯光总量和平均灯光均位于前列;长三角、珠三角、成渝、哈长、关中平原城市群灯光变分散,京津冀、长江中游、中原、北部湾城市群灯光变集中,成渝城市群夜间灯光重心移动最大,向重庆方向移动;长江中游城市群接近捷夫分布,中原城市群为序列分布,其他城市群为首位分布;长三角、珠三角、京津冀城市群的总体联系强度最高,各城市群边缘中小城市与核心城市空间联系较弱。     

Urban planning construction land standard and its revision based on climate and topography in China

Urban planning construction land standard is the technical specification for scientifically allocating various types of urban construction land, and it is the basis for drawing up and revising the overall urban planning scheme. Considering China's current urban planning construction land standard, many problems exist, such as the gap in the land use control threshold, the lack of regional differences in the climate revision, and failing to consider the topographic factors. To resolve these problems, this study proposed a step-by-step process framework and quantitative calculation method for the establishment and revision of standards in accordance with the principle of Total-Structure control. By setting the conditions, a universal basic standard for construction land was established. Quantitative analysis was then conducted on the relationship between the basic standard and the selected key indicators, such as urban population size, sunshine spacing coefficient, the width of river valleys or inter-montane basins, and terrain slope, among others. Finally, revised standards were formed for climate conditions, topography, and geomorphologic conditions, which were matched with the basic standards. The key results are three-fold:(1) The per capita construction land standard of 95 m~2/person can be used as the total indicator of China's urban planning basic standard, and the corresponding per capita single construction land comprises 32.50% of residential land, 7.42% of public management and public service land, 22.50% of industrial land, 17.50% of transportation facilities, 12.50% of green space, and 7.58% of other land-use types. The results of the revision of the urban population size indicate that the difference in population size has little effect on the total amount of per capita construction land.(2) The climate revision results of per capita residential land and per capita construction land in major cities reveal that the revised climate value varies greatly between north and south China. The revised climate values of the per capita area of construction land vary by latitude as follows: the value at 20°N is 93 m~2/person, the value at 30°N is 97 m~2/person, the value at 40°N is 103 m~2/person, and the value at 50°N is 115 m~2/person. The basic standard land value of 95 m~2/person is generally distributed across the Xiamen-Guilin-Kunming line.(3) The cities located in mountainous areas, hilly valleys, or inter-montane basins can reduce the allocation of community parks and comprehensive parks when the average width of an existing river valley or inter-montane basin is less than 2 km. When the average width of the valley or inter-montane basin is between 2 km to 4 km, the allocation of the comprehensive parks can be reduced. The revised results of per capita sloping construction land reveal that the terrain slope greatly affects the revised value of per capita construction land. Specifically, the revised value at 3° is 3.68% higher than the basic standard value, and the increase rates at 8°, 15°, and 25° are 11.25%, 26.49%, and 68.47%, respectively.     

利津县努力争当服务经济建设排头兵

Oracle数据库管理系统已成为我国国家级和省级国土资源基础数据库建设的主流技术平台。该文就国家级和省级数据库的建设,提出了在Oracle数据库技术环境下,如何在物理上合理组织和布局各种类型的数据,如何设置和管理各衍生数据,如何实施数据完整性要求,其目的是实现国土资源基础数据的高效管理和可持续更新支持,更好地满足国土资源基础数据库之上各业务应用系统运转的要求。     

基于局部回波幅值统计的海杂波背景下小目标检测

针对传统舰载雷达和岸基雷达很难检测出海杂波背景下小目标的现状,提出一种基于局部回波幅值统计的方法来检测海杂波背景下小目标.该算法基于数学统计思想:计算不同距离单元海杂波的幅值的最大值和标准偏差,分析发现距离单元含有小目标回波的最大幅值明显小于其它距离单元只含有海杂波回波的最大幅值,距离单元含有小目标回波的幅值的标准偏差明显大于距离单元只含有海杂波回波的幅值的标准偏差,因此可以在对小目标没有任何先验知识条件下,较准确地检测出海杂波背景下的小目标.实验证明,该算法是有效的.     

地理空间数据自动综合方法的研究现状与发展趋势

多年来人们已经报道了很多自动综合方法。这些方法确实解决了地理空间数据自动综合中的很多重要问题,但这些方法也有明显的缺陷和应用范围。本文对这些方法进行了研究,研究内容包括这些方法的分类、原理、优缺点和适用范围,并提出了今后自动综合方法的研究发展趋势。     

基于Geodatabase的基础地理空间数据库设计

介绍了基于Geodatabase的空间数据牢设计方法,设计了城市基础地理空间数据库,并实现了城市基础地理空间数据的整合与共享。     

交通图出版前的数据质量控制研究

数据质量控制一直以来都是地理信息系统(GIS)的一个关键环节,随着GIS在地图出版领域的应用,地图出版前的数据质量控制也成为了目前需要迫切解决的问题。本文研究了交通图编制的基本要求以及编制规范,通过GIS数据和交通图出图数据的比较,总结了在交通图出版前有可能存在的数据质量问题,并提出了相应的控制措施。     

基于ArcGIS的县级农村土地调查数据库建设技术探讨

本文在论证几种主要软件的功能特点基础上选择ArcGIS作为软件平台,修正了县级农村土地调查数据库建设流程,探讨了数据库建设过程中的一些关键技术:属性输入技术、特色点状符号库设计、地理相关法质量检查机制等。最后,对基于ArcGIS的县级农村土地调查数据库的优点及应用前景进行展望。     

三维城市模型的研究与实践(英文)

The way we interact with spatial data has been changed from 2D map to 3D Virtual Geographic Environment (VGE). Three-dimensional representations of geographic information on a computer are known as VGE, and in particular 3D city models provide an efficient way to integrate massive, heterogenous geospatial information and georeferenced information in urban areas. 3D city modeling (3DCM) is an active research and practice topic in distinct application areas. This paper introduces different modeling paradigms employed in 3D GIS, virtual environment, and AEC/FM. Up-to-date 3DCM technologies are evolving into a data integration and collaborative approach to represent the full spatial coverage of a city, to model both aboveground and underground, outdoor and indoor environments including man-made objects and natural features with 3D geometry, appearance, topology and semantics. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( No. 40871212, No. 40671158), the Leading Academic Discipline Project of Shanghai Educational Committee( No.J50104).     

GIS数据质量控制技术在地籍数据库建设中的应用

对GIS数据质量控制技术在地籍数据建库中的应用进行了研究,在地籍数据库建设质量控制实践中综合运用了过程控制法和软件检查法,有效地控制地籍建库各个阶段的精度,保证最终成果满足设计要求。