多元变化检测的相对辐射校正方法研究

基于多元变化检测的相对辐射校正方法通过阈值获取校正点,该方法的校正结果优于传统人工参与的校正方法。文章对方法中阈值选择以及自然景观特征等影响因素做了进一步研究,选择北京市平原区和山区的各2期TM影像作为数据源,运用均方根误差和变异系数2个统计特征参数比较和评价校正结果,结果表明:基于多元变化检测的相对辐射校正方法获得的结果有利于后续数据分析;不同阈值获得的校正结果没有明显差异;不同自然景观特征对该方法影响程度不同。     

利用三频组合观测值的GPS周跳探测与修复

本文分析了GPS三频组合观测值在波长、电离层误差和偶然误差等方面的特性,并定义了衡量其特性的3种指标;结合传统的伪距/相位组合法,探讨了三频组合观测值探测与修复周跳的原理和方法。利用模拟的L5观测数据,进行了多种情况下周跳的探测与修复。结果表明:该方法能在单历元间准确探测出各个频率上发生的大、小不等的周跳。相对于原始观测值,长波长的三频组合观测值可以更有效地探测与修复周跳。     

A geospatial approach to assessing land change in the built-up landscape of Wa Municipality of Ghana

ABSTRACT

Urban landscapes are changing in response to changes in socio-economic conditions. Land change scientists seek to understand these land dynamics in the coupled human-environment system of urban landscapes. This study assessed land change in the built-up area of Wa Municipality between 1986 and 2016 using Landsat images. We used the Support Vector Machine algorithm for classifying the images. We recorded image classification accuracies of 97%, 95%, 92% and 96% for the 1986, 1996, 2006 and 2016 classified images, respectively. Our study finds that over the 1986–2016 period, agricultural land and bare land transitioned to build-up land by 9.23% and 3.79%, respectively, as compared to 2.79% for vegetation and 0.05% for water. Our in-municipal level analysis thus shows that urban landscapes could expand more sustainably by targeting other dominant land categories instead of the vegetation cover. The findings in this paper could serve as a spatial model for planning and reducing the unintended socio-ecological impacts of expansion in the built-up area.     

Texture-based identification of urban slums in Hyderabad, India using remote sensing data

This paper outlines a methodology to identify informal settlements out of high resolution satellite imagery using the concept of lacunarity. Principal component analysis and line detection algorithms were applied alternatively to obtain a high resolution binary representation of the city of Hyderabad, India and used to calculate lacunarity values over a 60 × 60 m grid. A number of ground truthing areas were used to classify the resulting datasets and to identify lacunarity ranges which are typical for settlement types that combine high density housing and small dwelling size - features characteristic for urban slums in India. It was discovered that the line detection algorithm is advantageous over principal component analysis in providing suitable binary datasets for lacunarity analysis as it is less sensitive to spectral variability within mosaicked imagery. The resulting slum location map constitutes an efficient tool in identifying particularly overcrowded areas of the city and can be used as a reliable source in vulnerability and resilience assessments at a later stage. The proposed methodology allows for rapid analysis and comparison of multi-temporal data and can be applied on many developing urban agglomerations around the world.     

基于局部运动向量时空统计的极光事件检测

极光动态过程的分析与理解对极光发生机制研究具有重要意义。本文提出了一种基于动态过程的极光事件检测方法。首先利用多尺度流体光流的方法提取出极光的局部运动场信息,然后基于局部运动场时空统计特性表征极光视频序列,最后实现对特殊极光事件的检测。实验结果表明,本文方法能够高效、准确地检索到特殊极光事件,并且检测结果不依赖于目标事件的选择。这一成果为开展基于大量连续观测的极光视频对极光动态过程进行统计分析的研究奠定了基础。     

Progress in spectral studies of the FBS blue stellar objects

Spectral observations of 10 FBS blue stellar objects (BSO) with the OHP 1.93-m and BAO 2.6.m telescopes are reported, and overall progress in all the spectral observations and classifications of FBS BSO over 1987–2000 and in the classification of these objects based on all the accessible sources-- in all, 753 out of 1103 objects-- is discussed. Representative slit spectra for the major types of objects are presented and compared with digitized low dispersion spectra from the DFBS. The nature of the FBS objects is examined in terms of advances in the spectral studies. Two-color diagrams are constructed from the SDSS data and are used to find the regions occupied by the various types for further identification of objects of unknown type. Translated from Astrofizika, Vol. 52, No. 1, pp. 85–97 (February 2009).     

The morphological and spectral investigation of the galaxies Kaz 5, Kaz 92, and Kaz 390

The results of morphological and spectral study of the galaxies Kaz 5, Kaz 92, and Kaz 390 are presented. The observations were made on the 2.6-m telescope at the Byurakan Observatory with the VAGR microlenses spectrograph. Isophotes of the images of the galaxies are constructed in the Hα, [NII] λλ6584 , 6548, and [SII] λλ6731, 6717 emission lines and in the continuum. The masses of Kaz 5 and Kaz 92 are determined to be 8.6 × 10⁸ M_⊙ and 6.1 × 10⁹ M_⊙ , respectively. The mass of the gaseous component in the centers of regions I and IV of Kaz 390, which encompass a 1 pixel area, are also determined. The morphological structure of the central region of Kaz 5 in the observed spectral range, λλ6400–6800?, differs completely from the structure of the same part of the galaxy observed with the 6-m and 2.5-m telescopes. It is shown that these differences in the structure in images of Kaz 5 are mostly explained by the comparatively low resolution of the telescope in combination with the VAGR spectrograph. Absorbing matter also contributes to this effect. It is also shown that a “deficit” of nitrogen has been observed in the region of Kaz 390 studied here (a circle of diameter 40″). Translated from Astrofizika, Vol. 52, No. 1, pp. 63–74 (February 2009).     

Cosmogenic production as a background in searching for rare physics processes

We revisit calculations of the cosmogenic production rates for several long-lived isotopes that are potential sources of background in searching for rare physics processes such as the detection of dark matter and neutrinoless double-beta decay. Using updated cosmic-ray neutron flux measurements, we use TALYS 1.0 to investigate the cosmogenic activation of stable isotopes of several detector targets and find that the cosmogenic isotopes produced inside the target materials and cryostat can result in large backgrounds for dark matter searches and neutrinoless double-beta decay. We use previously published low-background HPGe data to constrain the production of ³H on the surface and the upper limit is consistent with our calculation. We note that cosmogenic production of several isotopes in various targets can generate potential backgrounds for dark matter detection and neutrinoless double-beta decay with a massive detector, thus great care should be taken to limit and/or deal with the cosmogenic activation of the targets.     

An economical optical cloud/fog detector

A new, relatively low cost instrument has been developed to detect the presence of fog or cloud for fog/cloud sampling applications. The instrument uses attenuation of an 880 nm light emitting diode signal to detect cloud/fog drops in the optical path between a sending and receiving arm. Laboratory and field testing under a variety of conditions and fog types were carried out to determine the ability of the optical fog detector (OFD) to accurately detect cloud/fog presence as well as to provide some measure of liquid water content. Results indicated that the OFD provided a reliable estimate of fog presence as well as a reasonable estimate of liquid water content (LWC) under several different conditions. The OFD does appear to have an interference from rain, resulting in an overestimation of LWC during rainfall. This may occasionally give a false positive indication of fog presence.