空间分析中几种插值方法的比较研究

针对常用的空间插值方法在精度分析方面比较的不足,从地质统计学、数学函数和几何方法方面分别选取普通克里金插值法、三次样条函数法和距离权重倒数法进行插值精度的比较与分析。文章分析了各个方法的优缺点和局限性,选取疏密差异较大的均匀和不均匀离散点数据进行实验,利用三次趋势面模型和MATLAB,ArcGIS,GS+Version...     

多层次格网模型的近邻指数聚类生态区划算法与实验——以新疆北部地区区划为例

在综合考虑气候、植被、地貌等凶素的基础上,提出一种基于多层次格网模型的最近邻指数-模糊聚类生态区域划分算法(Nearest Neighbor Index Fuzzy clustering,NNI-FIC).该算法采用"自下而上"的方式,首先,利用离散格网单元之间的严格相似性形成区划的核心分区;然后,通过最近邻指数统计分...     

关于智能体环境下空间数据集成方法研究

在分析总结空间数据集成研究的发展历程及其存在的问题基础上,充分考虑空间数据海量、数据源异构性的特点,引入智能体概念和结构,提出了基于多智能体系统的空间数据集成模式,并对该模式的体系结构与功能实现进行了设计。     

海量城市空间数据资源汇集模块的设计与实现

研究了OGSA-DAI网格中间件技术,设计了一个基于OGSA-DAI的海量城市空间数据资源汇集模块,实现了城市地理空间信息的共享应用.本模块的创新之处在于扩展了OGSA-DAI的数据资源,实现网格环境下多源异构空间数据的访问与集成,对相关研发工作的开展起到了很好的借鉴作用.     

济南市商品住宅价格空间分布研究

通过对济南市商品住宅价格空间分布的研究,了解济南市商品住宅价格的空间分布的特征与规律,确定影响济南市商品住宅价格空间分布的因素,为促进济南市商品住宅市场的发展,政府制定住宅产业政策,合理进行城市规划等提出合理化的建议。     

Spatial correlation and ecological characteristics analysis of management area for biodiversity conservation and relevant regionalization

Formulation of different ecological zone plans according to the corresponding protection targets and the necessity of proper conservation policy is one of the measures to achieve the goal of ecological conservation in China.In order to clarify the interrelation among key ecological zone plans,this paper carried out the research on spatial relation of priority areas of biodiversity conservation and three key ecological areas（key ecological function areas,key regions of ecological service function,national nature reserves） and the research on ecological conditions,based on multi-scale ecological spatial theme information,which incorporates elements like ecologi-cal quality and type,and by the aid of spatial information analysis and GIS modeling.The results showed a contrastively fine spatial consistency with 68.8% of priority areas of biodiversity conservation overlapping with three key ecological areas.Although the envi-ronment in priority areas of biodiversity conservation were in good conditions,protection pressure is also increasing,powerful supervi-sion and protection should not be ignored.The environmental conditions in the overlapping areas,as a whole,were superior to those in the non-overlapping areas.Since two areas have different characteristics,targeted protection measures should be formulated based on this difference,which will be very important for biodiversity conservation in priority areas of biodiversity conservation.     

Effects of corridor networks on plant species composition and diversity in an intensive agriculture landscape

The development of modern agriculture has resulted in much homogenization of the landscape consisting of large patches of farmland,so small remnant non-crop habitats especially linear corridors play an important role in the conservation of species and the maintenance of ecosystem functions.However,little attention has been paid to the effects of corridors structural characteristics on the plant species restricted to such habitats.In this study,we selected three types of corridors including ditch,hedgerow and road,and ana-lyzed their structural characteristics.The plant species presented in these corridors were investigated,and the species diversity,abun-dance and frequency were estimated.Moreover,spatial arrangements of corridors were classified into different types to discuss whether there were significant effects of corridor network on plant distribution.The results show that three types of corridors have different ef-fects on plant species composition and diversity.The one-one combined corridor networks and total network associated by three corri-dors have more complex structural features than each single type of corridor.However,there is no strong correlation between the corri-dor networks with their plant species.We suggest that carrying out a pointed vegetation survey at corridor intersections to further test the relationships between structural features of corridor and plants is necessary.     

Modeling of spatial distributions of farmland density and its temporal change using geographically weighted regression model

This study used spatial autoregression（SAR） model and geographically weighted regression（GWR） model to model the spatial patterns of farmland density and its temporal change in Gucheng County,Hubei Province,China in 1999 and 2009,and discussed the difference between global and local spatial autocorrelations in terms of spatial heterogeneity and non-stationarity. Results showed that strong spatial positive correlations existed in the spatial distributions of farmland density,its temporal change and the driving factors,and the coefficients of spatial autocorrelations decreased as the spatial lag distance increased. SAR models revealed the global spatial relations between dependent and independent variables,while the GWR model showed the spatially varying fitting degree and local weighting coefficients of driving factors and farmland indices（i.e.,farmland density and temporal change）. The GWR model has smooth process when constructing the farmland spatial model. The coefficients of GWR model can show the accurate influence degrees of different driving factors on the farmland at different geographical locations. The performance indices of GWR model showed that GWR model produced more accurate simulation results than other models at different times,and the improvement precision of GWR model was obvious. The global and local farmland models used in this study showed different characteristics in the spatial distributions of farmland indices at different scales,which may provide the theoretical basis for farmland protection from the influence of different driving factors.     

Characterizing landscape spatial heterogeneity in multisensor images with variogram models

Most evaluation of the consistency of multisensor images have focused on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） products for natural landscapes, often neglecting less vegetated urban landscapes. This gap has been filled through quantifying and evaluating spatial heterogeneity of urban and natural landscapes from QuickBird, Satellite pour l＇observation de la Terre （SPOT）, Ad- vanced Spacebome Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer （ASTER） and Landsat Thematic Mapper （TM） images with variogram analysis. Instead of a logarithmic relationship with pixel size observed in the corresponding aggregated images, the spatial variability decayed and the spatial structures decomposed more slowly and complexly with spatial resolution for real multisensor im- ages. As the spatial resolution increased, the proportion of spatial variability of the smaller spatial structure decreased quickly and only a larger spatial structure was observed at very coarse scales. Compared with visible band, greater spatial variability was observed in near infrared band for both densely and less densely vegetated landscapes. The influence of image size on spatial heterogeneity was highly dependent on whether the empirical sernivariogram reached its sill within the original image size. When the empirical semivariogram did not reach its sill at the original observation scale, spatial variability and mean characteristic length scale would increase with image size; otherwise they might decrease. This study could provide new insights into the knowledge of spatial heterogeneity in real multisen- sor images with consideration of their nominal spatial resolution, image size and spectral bands.     

中国区域近地面CO2时空分布特征研究

本文利用2009年6月至2010年5月日本宇宙航空研究开发机构（JAXA）、日本环境署（MOE）与日本环境研究（NIES）所等联合开发的全球首颗专用温室气体观测卫星“呼吸号”（GOSAT）上的被动红外探测器（TANSO）官方反演的近地面975hPa左右的CO₂浓度L4B数据产品,采用ArcGIS地统计分析方法,对比瓦里关全球大气本底站地面观测数据进行真实性检验,分析中国区域近地面CO₂浓度分布的时空变化特征。结果表明：中国区域近地面CO₂浓度空间分布集中,东高西低,差异显著;CO₂浓度具有明显的季节变化特征,月平均浓度4月份（春季）升至最高,7月份（夏季）降至最低。结合“中国统计年鉴2012”中的2009年人口密度、能源消费总量（煤）和GDP等辅助数据对比发现：导致中国近地面CO₂浓度空间分布规律的原因多种多样,不可轻易定论是人为或自然使然,需进一步深入研究。