城市不透水面遥感估算

由于人口快速增长和农村人口向城市迁移,城市不透水面积也在持续快速增长。加速的城市扩张和无监控的城市开发会导致诸多生态环境问题。本文利用Landsat影像,采用附有限制条件的线性光谱混合分解、植被覆盖度与不透水面负相关模型、监督分类三种方法对南京城区的不透水表面分布进行空间分析。通过评估这三种方法提取的不透水面的精度和分析和种方法受其主要人为因素的影响大小以及不透水面的提取过程,表明了线性光谱混合分解方法较优。     

多层球状物角度稀疏投影CT重建仿真研究

本文主要针对高密度差多层球状物体的角度稀疏投影CT重建问题,进行基于FBP算法的仿真研究。参考特殊工件材料结构特征设计建立检测对象模型,采用C++语言开发完成平行束圆周扫描FBP重建仿真软件平台。分别采用直接补零和紧邻填充两种方法补全缺失的稀疏投影数据,并进行仿真重建和比较分析。对重建图像进行了有针对性地基于边缘和区域的增强处理方法研究,使缺陷特征得以凸显。本文的研究内容和方法可为具有类似特征的CT无损检测提供技术参考。     

Linear spectral unmixing algorithm for modelling suspended sediment concentration of flash floods,upper Tekeze River,Ethiopia

Flash floods are the highest sediment transporting agent,but are inaccessible for in-situ sampling and have rarely been analyzed by remote sensing technology.Laboratory and field experiments were done to develop linear spectral unmixing(LSU) remote sensing model and evaluate its performance in simulating the suspended sediment concentration(SSC) in flash floods.The models were developed from continuous monitoring in the laboratory and the onsite spectral signature of river bed sediment deposits and flash floods in the Tekeze River and in its tributary,the Tsirare River.The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the variability of correlations between reflectance and SSCs.The coefficient of determination(R2) and root mean square of error(RMSE) were used to evaluate the performance of the generated models.The results found that the Pearson correlation coefficient between SSCs and reflectance varied based on the level of the SSCs,geological colors,and grain sizes.The performance of the LSU model and empirical remote sensing approaches were computed to be R2=0.92,and RMSE=±0.76 g/1 in the Tsirare River and R2=0.91,and RMSE=±0.73 g/1 in the Tekeze River and R2=0.81,RMSE=±2.65 g/l in the Tsirare river and R2=0.76,RMSE=±10.87 g/l in the Tekeze River,respectively.Hence,the LSU approach of remote sensing was found to be relatively accurate in monitoring and modeling the variability of SSCs that could be applied to the upper Tekeze River basin.     

Forecasting petroleum discoveries in sparsely drilled areas: Nigeria and the North Sea

Decline function methods for projecting future discoveries generally capture the crowding effects of wildcat wells on the discovery rate. However, these methods do not accommodate easily situations where exploration areas and horizons are expanding. In this paper, a method is presented that uses a mapping algorithm for separating these often countervailing influences. The method is applied to Nigeria and the North Sea. For an amount of future drilling equivalent to past drilling (825 wildcat wells), future discoveries (in resources found) for Nigeria are expected to decline by 68% per well but still amount to 8.5 billion barrels of oil equivalent (BOE). Similarly, for the total North Sea for an equivalent amount and mix among areas of past drilling (1322 wildcat wells), future discoveries are expected to amount to 17.9 billion BOE, whereas the average discovery rate per well is expected to decline by 71%.     

玉兔号月球车巡视点矿物丰度及粒径分布高光谱反演

矿物的类型、丰度及其粒径分布对理解月球和行星表面曾经存在过怎样的地质演化过程具有重要的意义。本文提出基于辐射传输模型和稀疏分解模型反演矿物丰度及其粒径分布的方法,利用辐射传输模型计算各矿物端元不同粒径的单次散射反照率以构建解混光谱库,然后基于稀疏分解算法得到在每个可观测像元的端元最优丰度和粒径分布。利用实验室测量数据进行验证,表明本文方法具有较高的精度。最后根据玉兔号月球车的实地测量光谱数据,利用本文方法获得了其矿物的丰度及粒径分布,结果显示,辉石、橄榄石、斜长石、熔融玻璃和钛铁矿的丰度在4个观测点的平均丰度分别为28.1%、4.5%、39%、28%、0.4%,辉石的平均粒径为166.02μm,橄榄石为8.34μm,斜长石为196.31μm,熔融玻璃为44.21μm,一定程度上表明在这些观测点不同矿物对太空风化的响应不同。     

广州石牌桥地铁车站深基坑信息化施工与分析

广州市石牌桥地铁车站主体基坑维护结构采用密排人工挖孔桩,通过优化计算分析确定桩间距为2.0 m的疏排人工挖孔桩加内支撑方案。但是,该基坑处于广州市繁华地段,基坑周边环境复杂,针对该基坑布置详细的监测方案,较全面的获得有关数据,并确保了基坑的安全施工。     

Deblending by modified dictionary learning using Sparse Parameter Training

Considerable attempts have been made on removing the crosstalk noise in a simultaneous source data using the popular K-means Singular Value Decomposition algorithm ( KSVD ). Several hybrids of this method have been designed and successfully deployed, but the complex nature of blending noise makes it difficult to manipulate easily. One of the challenges of the K-means Singular Value Decomposition approach is the chal-lenge to obtain an exact KSVD for each data patch which is believed to result in a better output. In this work, we propose a learnable architecture capable of data training while retaining the K-means Singular Value Decom-position essence to deblend simultaneous source data.     

稀少控制条件下的SPOT 5 HRS影像定向试验

通过生产试验,探讨了不同控制点数量及分布下的SPOT 5 HRS影像的定向精度问题,分析了稀少控制点定向后SPOT 5 HRS影像的误差分布情况,为SPOT 5 HRS影像在外业控制点获取困难地区的应用提供了可行方法。     

月球车图像超分辨率重建算法

为了更好地满足嫦娥探月工程二期中月球车导航和探测规划任务对图像数据的要求,提出了一种基于压缩感知的超分辨率图像重建方法,利用经过模糊处理并加入噪声的低分辨率图像重建原始的高分辨率图像,实现了月球车图像的超分辨率重建。算法采用局部Sparse\\|Land模型,从美国阿波罗计划获取的月面图像、嫦娥二期工程实验中获取的图像以及随机选取的自然图像中提取了大量训练图块,采用K-SVD算法完成了高、低分辨率过完备字典Ah和Al的学习,在对待重建图像进行有效分割的基础上,通过求解优化问题获得待处理低分辨率图块的稀疏表示,并将表示系数用于Ah以生成对应的高分辨率图块。最后,运用最小二乘算法,得到满足重构约束的高分辨率图像。实验结果表明,此算法在视觉效果及PSNR指标上均优于插值方法和Yang的方法。     

Bearing capacity of spatially random rock masses obeying Hoek–Brown failure criterion

This paper presents a probabilistic analysis to compute the probability density function of the bearing capacity of a strip footing resting on a spatially varying rock mass. The rock is assumed to follow the generalised Hoek–Brown failure criterion. The uniaxial compressive strength of the intact rock (σc) was considered as a random field and the geological strength index was modelled as a random variable. The uncertainty propagation methodology employed in the analysis is the sparse polynomial chaos expansion. A global sensitivity analysis based on Sobol indices was performed. Some numerical results were presented and discussed.