Millimeter and submillimeter measurements of asteroid (2867) Steins during the Rosetta fly-by

The European Space Agency Rosetta Spacecraft passed within 803 km of the main belt asteroid (2867) Steins on 5 September 2008. The Rosetta Spacecraft carries a number of scientific instruments including a millimeter and submillimeter radiometer and spectrometer. The instrument, named MIRO (Microwave Instrument for the Rosetta Orbiter), consists of a 30-cm diameter, offset parabolic reflector telescope followed by two heterodyne receivers. Center-band operating frequencies of the receivers are near 190 GHz (1.6 mm) and 562 GHz (0.53 mm). Broadband continuum channels are implemented in both frequency bands for the measurement of near surface temperatures and temperature gradients. A 4096 channel CTS (chirp transform spectrometer) having 180 MHz total bandwidth and ∼44 kHz resolution is also connected to the submillimeter receiver. We present the continuum observations of asteroid (2867) Steins obtained during the fly-by with the MIRO instrument. Spectroscopic data were also collected during the fly-by using the MIRO spectrometer fixed-tuned to rotational lines of several molecules. Results of the spectroscopic investigation will be the topic of a separate publication.Comparative thermal models and radiative transfer calculations for Steins are presented. Emissivities of Steins were determined to be 0.6-0.7 and 0.85-0.9 at wavelengths of 0.53 and 1.6 mm, respectively. The thermal inertia of Steins was estimated to be in the range 450-850 J/(m² s^0.5 K). Assuming that the emissivity of Steins is determined by the Fresnel reflection coefficients of the surface material, the area-averaged dielectric constant of the surface material is in the range 4-20. These values are rock-like, and are unlike the powdered-regolith surface of the Moon.     

Developments at ISO/REMCO and its Impact on the Production and Use of Geological Reference Materials

During the past decade the work of ISO/REMCO, the International Organization for Standardization’s Technical Committee on Reference Materials, was dedicated to achieving global harmonisation, and true involvement of the member countries. The first major accomplishment was the clarification of the terminology in the definitions for reference material and certified reference material, which were published as an amendment to ISO Guide 30 in 2008. The next milestone was the recognition that ISO Guide 34 (‘General requirements for the competence of reference material producers’) be used in conjunction with ISO/IEC 17025 for the accreditation of reference material producers. The third edition of ISO Guide 34 published in November 2009, clarifies the acceptable procedures for the certification of reference materials. This paper will discuss the role of ISO/REMCO in formalising the procedures for the accreditation of reference material producers and the evolution of the terms reference material and certified reference material. The paper will conclude with a case study, where a primary method in a single laboratory – one of the recognised acceptable metrologically valid procedures according to ISO Guide 34 – was used for the certification of reference materials. The reference materials are South African Reference Material SARM 2 (Syenite), SARM 3 (Lujavrite) and SARM 4 (Norite) from the suite of six NIMROCs that were originally certified by the Council for Mineral Technology (MINTEK) in South Africa in the 1970s.     

Development of A Three-Dimensional Guidance System for Long-Range Maneuvering of A Miniature Autonomous Underwater Vehicle

The present paper introduces a three-dimensional guidance system developed for a miniature Autonomous Underwater Vehicle（AUV）. The guidance system determines the best trajectory for the vehicle based on target behavior and vehicle capabilities. The dynamic model of this novel AUV is derived based on its special characteristics such as the horizontal posture and the independent diving mechanism. To design the guidance strategy, the main idea is to select the desired depth, presumed proportional to the horizontal distance of the AUV and the target. By connecting the two with a straight line, this strategy helps the AUV move in a trajectory sufficiently close to this line. The adjacency of the trajectory to the line leads to reasonably short travelling distances and avoids unsafe areas. Autopilots are designed using sliding mode controller. Two different engagement geometries are considered to evaluate the strategy＇s performance： stationary target and moving target. The simulation results show that the strategy can provide sufficiently fast and smooth trajectories in both target situations.     

主动铰接型盾构机自动导向系统测量与姿态精密解算方法

主动铰接型盾构机在曲线隧道开挖中应用广泛,其盾构姿态的精密解算是盾构机自动导向系统的核心功能,也是盾构掘进中进行盾构机实时纠偏的前提和基础。国内外盾构机自动导向系统提供商对自身盾构姿态计算原理和方法保密的现状,给盾构机姿态人工复核和盾构施工带来了较大困难。本文在研究两款国产盾构机和日本演算工坊棱镜法自动导向系统的基础上,利用立体几何和空间投影变换原理,提出了主动铰接型盾构机姿态精密解算方法,给出详细推导计算公式。通过对多台盾构机在不同隧道线型内多组姿态坐标数据的计算和对比,验证了该盾构姿态精密解算方法的正确性。     

倾斜摄影测量和惯导RTK在农村宅基地确权中的应用

贵州省地形复杂,地块破碎,农村宅基地形状不规则,且房屋多在植被高且茂密的地方,导致实地作业难度大、耗时多,常规RTK信号易被中断。针对该问题,本文考虑倾斜摄影技术和惯导RTK的优势,提出了一种倾斜摄影测量技术和惯导RTK技术在农村宅基地确权中的应用方法,旨在高效率地完成贵州省农村宅基地确权工作。在贵州省纳雍县董地乡新华村进行农村宅基地确权测量试验,采用全站仪对研究区的界址点点位、界址线边长及宗地面积的高精度观测进行验证,并从两个角度详细阐述了该方法的可行性:一是对全站仪数据和倾斜摄影技术图解法得到的数据进行对比分析和精度评定;二是对全站仪数据和惯导RTK解析法得到的数据进行对比分析。试验结果表明,倾斜摄影测量的图解法成果数据满足《地籍调查规程》(TD/T 1001—2012)中图解法1∶1000地籍图的要求,惯导RTK的解析法成果数据满足该规程中解析法二级精度的要求。基于此,该方法在农村宅基地确权中表现出精度高、操作性强、耗时低的优势,可为喀斯特山区农村宅基地确权提供一种可复制性强的参考方法。     

关于共线平动点的特征及其在深空探测中的应用

系统阐述了小天体运动对应的圆型限制性三体问题共线平动点的强不稳定性特征,以及其附近的条件周期轨道——晕轨道(Halo Orbit)的存在、相应解的构造。这种特殊的轨道形式和共线平动点附近的弱稳定走廊,可分别用于在深空特殊位置附近定点有各种科学探测目标的探测器和向节能轨道过渡的通道。     

脉冲星在空间飞行器定位中的应用

利用脉冲星钟模型能高精度地预报脉冲星脉冲到达太阳系质心的时间。基于脉冲星时、空参考架可实现各类空间飞行器的自主导航。讨论了脉冲星钟的模型和脉冲星导航系统的框架结构,描述了脉冲星导航的基本原理和算法。指出脉冲星导航系统对脉冲星脉冲到达探测器时刻的测量精度,是决定空间飞行器位置解算精度的关键因素。脉冲星导航观测采用的原子钟如果足够稳定,则空间飞行器位置的解算方法可以简化。在脉冲星导航系统计时观测精度达到或优于几十微秒量级时,脉冲星视差、相对论效应的影响是不可忽略的。对脉冲星导航系统开发设计中的关键技术和进一步研究的主要问题进行了初步分析和讨论。     

关于我校毕业生就业意向的调查分析

通过问卷调查的方式,从毕业生的专业认识、就业意识与就业准备、对学校相关部门服务的意见三个方面,了解了广东海洋大学毕业生就业思想动态和择业价值取向,发现了目前就业指导工作中存在的部分问题,为学校开展就业指导研究和实际工作提供了客观依据。     

《对2006 IPCC国家温室气体清单指南的2013增补:湿地》的解析

为了填补《2006 IPCC国家温室气体清单指南》有关湿地的温室气体排放与吸收清单编制方法学指南的空缺,IPCC于2014年2月底发布了《对2006IPCC国家温室气体清单指南的2013增补:湿地》。该指南在考虑人类活动影响以及对湿地定义进行重新梳理的基础上,给出了湿地排干、还湿的温室气体排放与吸收的估算方法;同时,也增补了滨海湿地、用于污水处理人工湿地的温室气体排放与吸收的估算方法。该指南的发布为清单编制者估算人类活动所导致的湿地温室气体排放与吸收提供了较全面的方法学。当然,受到科学认识水平与文献的限制,该指南在随排水流失的颗粒有机碳损失量的估算、随还湿来自于湿地外其他生态系统有机碳的进入所产生排放量估算等方面存在着需进一步完善的内容。     

动态DEM匹配方法研究

在回顾现有制导技术之后,提出了一种新的导弹制导思想---利用动态DEM匹配方法实现导弹制导。在介绍这一思想及其实现步骤之后,文章着重介绍动态DEM匹配阶段中涉及的几个关键环节,即特征提取、特征描述、特征匹配、变换参数的解求以及相关匹配的改进等问题,最后,用实验验证了上述思想,得出结论,并为今后进一步研究提出了若干建议。