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41.
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43.
GPS和GLONASS卫星定位系统分别采用WGS-84和PZ-90坐标系。为统一两种卫星定位成果,欧、美、俄于20世纪90年代各自求出两坐标系之间的转换参数。目前三种参数尚未统一,对GPS/GLONASS联合定位造成较大影响。本文针对国外介绍PZ-90和WGS-84坐标系相互转换时常用的转换模型及三种不同转换参数进行比较分析。分别选用地面GPS参考站坐标和GLONASS卫星轨道坐标,用三种坐标转换参数进行转换,对转换结果差异及其对单点定位和相对定位精度造成的影响进行全面分析比较,得出一些有益结论。 相似文献
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对于GPS短基线,载波相位双差观测量已基本消除了卫星轨道误差、钟差、大气折射误差等系统偏差的影响,主要包含距离观测量信息及随机测量误差,其中测量误差是高频的测量噪声,小波变换可将GPS载波相位双差观测量中的观测噪声(高频部分)分解出来。本文利用Coiflets小波基函数对GPS快速定位的原始载波相位双差观测量进行5层分解,通过重构第5层低频系数获得去除噪声的"干净"的载波相位双差观测量,然后利用"干净"的双差观测量进行最小二乘参数估计,以减小测量噪声对GPS快速定位病态方程解的扰动。计算结果表明该方法能够显著提高GPS快速定位中模糊度浮点解的精度,仅利用几个观测历元的数据就可以准确地固定模糊度。 相似文献
46.
GPS observations of the ionospheric F2-layer behavior during the 20th November 2003 geomagnetic storm over South Korea 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
The ionospheric F2-layer peak density (NmF2) and its height (hmF2) are of great influence on the shape of the ionospheric
electron density profile Ne (h) and may be indicative of other physical processes within the ionosphere, especially those
due to geomagnetic storms. Such parameters are often estimated using models such as the semiempirical international reference
ionosphere (IRI) models or are measured using moderately priced to expensive instrumentation, such as ionosondes or incoherent
scatter radars. Global positioning system (GPS) observations have become a powerful tool for mapping high-resolution ionospheric
structures, which can be used to study the ionospheric response to geomagnetic storms. In this paper, we describe how 3-D
ionospheric electron density profiles were produced from data of the dense permanent Korean GPS network using the tomography
reconstruction technique. These profiles are verified by independent ionosonde data. The responses of GPS-derived parameters
at the ionospheric F2-layer to the 20th November 2003 geomagnetic storm over South Korea are investigated. A fairly large
increase in the electron density at the F2-layer peak (the NmF2) (positive storm) has been observed during this storm, which
is accompanied by a significant uplift in the height of the F2 layer peak (the hmF2). This is confirmed by independent ionosonde
observations. We suggest that the F2-layer peak height uplift and NmF2 increase are mainly associated with a strong eastward
electric field, and are not associated with the increase of the O/N2 ratio obtained from the GUVI instruments aboard the TIMED satellite. It is also inferred that the increase in NmF2 is not
caused by the changes in neutral composition, but is related to other nonchemical effects, such as dynamical changes of vertical
ion motions induced by winds and E × B drifts, tides and waves in the mesosphere/lower thermosphere region, which can be dynamically
coupled upward to generate ionospheric perturbations and oscillations. 相似文献
47.
Ocean tide loading (OTL) displacements from global and local grids: comparisons to GPS estimates over the shelf of Brittany, France 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Stavros A. Melachroinos R. Biancale M. Llubes F. Perosanz F. Lyard M. Vergnolle M. -N. Bouin F. Masson J. Nicolas L. Morel S. Durand 《Journal of Geodesy》2008,82(6):357-371
In this paper we examine OTL displacements detected by GPS stations of a dedicated campaign and validate ocean tide models.
Our area of study is the continental shelf of Brittany and Cotentin in France. Brittany is one of the few places in the world
where tides provoke loading displacements of ∼10–12 cm vertically and a few cm horizontally. Ocean tide models suffer from
important discrepancies in this region. Seven global and regional ocean tide models were tested: FES2004 corrected for K2,
TPXO.7.0, TPXO.6.2, GOT00.2, CSR4.0, NAO.99b and the most recent regional grids of the North East Atlantic (NEA2004). These
gridded amplitudes and phases of ocean tides were convolved in order to get the predicted OTL displacements using two different
algorithms. Data over a period of 3.5 months of 8 GPS campaign stations located on the north coast of Brittany are used, in
order to evaluate the geographical distribution of the OTL effect. We have modified and implemented new algorithms in our
GPS software, GINS 7.1. GPS OTL constituents are estimated based on 1-day batch solutions. We compare the observed GPS OTL
constituents of M2, S2, N2 and K1 waves with the selected ocean tide models on global and regional grids. Large phase-lag and amplitude discrepancies over
20° and 1.5 cm in the vertical direction in the semi-diurnal band of M2 between predictions and GPS/models are detected in the Bay of Mont St-Michel. From a least squares spectral analysis of the
GPS time-series, significant harmonic peaks in the integer multiples of the orbital periods of the GPS satellites are observed,
indicating the existence of multipath effects in the GPS OTL constituents. The GPS OTL observations agree best with FES2004,
NEA2004, GOT00.2 and CSR4.0 tide models. 相似文献
48.
The ionospheric eclipse factor method (IEFM) and its application to determining the ionospheric delay for GPS 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
A new method for modeling the ionospheric delay using global positioning system (GPS) data is proposed, called the ionospheric
eclipse factor method (IEFM). It is based on establishing a concept referred to as the ionospheric eclipse factor (IEF) λ
of the ionospheric pierce point (IPP) and the IEF’s influence factor (IFF) . The IEF can be used to make a relatively precise distinction between ionospheric daytime and nighttime, whereas the IFF
is advantageous for describing the IEF’s variations with day, month, season and year, associated with seasonal variations
of total electron content (TEC) of the ionosphere. By combining λ and with the local time t of IPP, the IEFM has the ability to precisely distinguish between ionospheric daytime and nighttime, as well as efficiently
combine them during different seasons or months over a year at the IPP. The IEFM-based ionospheric delay estimates are validated
by combining an absolute positioning mode with several ionospheric delay correction models or algorithms, using GPS data at
an international Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) service (IGS) station (WTZR). Our results indicate that the IEFM
may further improve ionospheric delay modeling using GPS data. 相似文献
49.
通过对当前城市的120急救系统进行了调查和分析,设计了一种基于“3G”--GIS/GPS/GSM三种技术相结合的急救系统。并对此系统的主要功能模块和关键技术作了详细的论述,将GIS空间分析、电子地图匹配和GPS导航、GSM传输信息技术与当前的急救系统相结合,可以在很大程度上提高120急救的智能化程度和可靠性。 相似文献
50.
采用GPS和全站仪联合作业的数字测图方式进行了外业快速数据采集。并利用南方CASS软件对数据进行内业成图工作,最后利用大型的地理信息系统软件ArcGIS进行地理数据的入库,从而实现了阜新市区地理数据库的更新,此方式具有速度快、效率高和精度高等优点,可以借鉴到同类的地区。 相似文献